Read & Download your Issue of Thursday – January 21 FNN News

Effect of Oral Moxifloxacin vs Intravenous Ertapenem Plus Oral Levofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis – The APPAC II Randomized Clinical Trial

• Antibiotics are an effective and safe alternative to appendectomy for managing uncomplicated acute appendicitis, but the optimal antibiotic regimen is not known.
• This study aims to compare oral antibiotics with combined intravenous followed by oral antibiotics in the management of computed tomography–confirmed uncomplicated acute appendicitis.
• Among adults with uncomplicated acute appendicitis, treatment with 7 days of oral moxifloxacin compared with 2 days of intravenous ertapenem followed by 5 days of levofloxacin and metronidazole resulted in treatment success rates greater than 65% in both groups

Source: JAMA Network

Association of Bevacizumab Plus Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy With Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer – A Secondary Analysis of the AVANT Trial

• What was the efficacy of adjuvant bevacizumab on disease-free and overall survival among patients with curatively resected high-risk stage II colon cancer?
• The findings of this study suggest that adding bevacizumab to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy was not associated with longer DFS or OS in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer and that the definition of high-risk stage II colon cancer needs to be revisited.

Source: JAMA Network

FDA requires Boxed Warning about serious mental health side effects for asthma and allergy drug montelukast (Singulair); advises restricting use for allergic rhinitis

• Montelukast is FDA-approved for asthma and allergies.
• Montelukast works to help improve symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis by blocking substances in the body that may cause them.
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is strengthening existing warnings about serious behavior and mood-related changes with montelukast
• Montelukast prescribing information already includes warnings about mental health side effects, including suicidal thoughts or actions; however, many health care professionals and patients/caregivers are not aware of the risk.

Source: FDA

Global increases in antibiotic consumption: a concerning trend for WHO targets

• Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance is increasing at an alarming rate. In 2019, WHO listed antimicrobial resistance as one of the top ten threats to global health.
• A major driver of antimicrobial resistance is antibiotic overuse and misuse.
• Efforts to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics have led to strong general commitments; however, substantial variability in prescribing is present across health systems.
• Relative consumption of Access antibiotics to Watch antibiotics, as measured by the access-to-watch index, decreased substantially on a global level, although this decrease was most pronounced in low-income and middle-income countries.

Source: The Lancet

Efficacy and safety of antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• To eliminate mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), peripartum antiviral prophylaxis might be required for pregnant women infected with HBV who have a high risk of MTCT despite infant immunoprophylaxis.
• This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of peripartum antiviral prophylaxis to inform the 2020 WHO guidelines.

Source: The Lancet

Corticosteroids for COVID-19: the search for an optimum duration of therapy

• Canakinumab is an IL-1β antibody that neutralizes the activity of IL-1β
• This article studied the efficacy and safety of canakinumab in patients with moderate COVID-19-related pneumonia.
• This study very nicely summarised the evidence-based role of dexamethasone in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
• This pertinent analysis is based on the background of the RECOVERY trial, which concluded that therapy with dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg once daily for up to 10 days decreased 28-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 on respiratory support.
• Patients not requiring oxygen showed no benefit but had a possibility of harm with corticosteroid therapy.

Source: The Lancet

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