4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 18th November

1 – A mini-review on the impact of COVID 19 on vital organs

• COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus.
• This review aims to highlight the pertinent documentary evidence upon the adverse effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on several vital human organs. SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the lung tissue by causing diffuse alveolar damage and may result in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• SARS-CoV-2 infects the cell via cell surface receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
• Besides lungs, SARS-CoV-2 critically damage tissues in other vital human organs such as the heart, kidney, liver, brain, and gastrointestinal tract.
• This review encompassed a topical streak of systemic malfunctions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Source: ScienceDirect

2 – This review encompassed a topical streak of systemic malfunctions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

• The COVID-19 epidemic is the greatest pandemic that human kind experienced for decades, with high morbidity and mortality.
• Despite recent development of vaccines there is still many severe cases of COVID-19.
• Unfortunately there is still no standardized therapies and treatment of severe cases is very challenging.
• The aim of this study is to indicate if herbs administered alone or as a complementary therapy could be used as prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Source: ScienceDirect

3 – Defining therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis: Exploiting the biology of pathogenesis

• Renal fibrosis is a failed wound-healing process of the kidney tissue after chronic, sustained injury, which is a common pathway and pathological marker of virtually every type of chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of cause.
• However, there is a lack of effective treatment specifically targeting against renal fibrosis per se to date.
• In this review, they summarize recent advancements regarding the participation and interaction of many types of kidney residents and infiltrated cells during renal fibrosis, attempt to comprehensively discuss the mechanism of renal fibrosis from the cellular level and conclude by highlighting novel therapeutic targets and approaches for development of new treatments for patients with renal fibrosis.

Source: ScienceDirect

4- Recent advances in management of COVID-19: A review

• The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused and is still causing significant mortality and economic consequences all over the globe.
• As of today, there are three U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) approved vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.
• Also, the antiviral drug remdesivir and two combinations of monoclonal antibodies are authorized for Emergency use (EUA) in certain patients.
• In this study, selected novel pharmacological agents for the possible treatment of COVID-19 will be discussed.
• Point of discussion will cover mechanism of action, supporting evidence for safety and efficacy and reached stage in development.

Source: ScienceDirect

5 – Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for central nervous system disorders

• Drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) diseases is very challenging since the presence of the innate blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier that impede drug delivery.
• Among new strategies to overcome these limitations and successfully deliver drugs to the CNS, nanotechnology-based drug delivery platform, offers potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of some common neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease.
• This review aimed to highlight advances in research on the development of nano-based therapeutics for their implications in therapy of CNS disorders.

Source: ScienceDirect

6 – Impact of kidney dysfunction on hepatic and intestinal drug transporters

• Emerging information suggests that pathology of the kidney may not only affect expression and function of membrane transporters in the organ, but also in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. Transporter dysfunction may cause effects on handling of drug as well as endogenous compounds with subsequent clinical consequences.
• A literature search was conducted on Ovid and PubMed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of the gastrointestinal and liver localized ABC transporters and SLC carriers in kidney dysfunction or uremia states.
• The altered function of drug transporters in the liver and intestines in kidney failure subjects may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds (e.g. uremic toxins), which is expected to affect drug pharmacokinetics and local drug actions.

Source: ScienceDirect

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