4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 15th July

1 – Safety of Rapid Infliximab Biosimilar Infusions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• The biosimilar landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to grow, with several biosimilar products for originator infliximab now available.
• The rapid infusion of originator infliximab and infliximab-dyyb has been shown to be well tolerated; however, the tolerability of rapid infusion in patients receiving infliximab-abda, another infliximab biosimilar, or in those who have switched among originator infliximab and biosimilars remains unknown.
• This study aimed to evaluate the safety of rapid infusion in patients with IBD who received infliximab-abda or underwent switches with infliximab products.
• Rapid infusion of infliximab biosimilars (including infliximab-abda) and in patients who have switched among originator infliximab and biosimilars is well tolerated.
• Future studies should assess clinical impact and outcomes of rapid infusion with biosimilars.

Source: SAGE Journals

2 – Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of Asiatic acid alone and in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans

• Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection remains a challenge to clinicians due to the limited available antifungals.
• With the widespread use of antifungals in the clinic, the drug resistance has been emerging continuously, especially fluconazole.
• Therefore, searching for new antifungals, active constituents of natural or traditional medicines, and approaches to overcome antifungals resistance is needed.
• This study investigated the activity of Asiatic acid (AA) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against C. albicans in vitro and in vivo.

Source: ScienceDirect

3 – Tacrolimus inhibits oral carcinogenesis through cell cycle control

• Tacrolimus is a major calcineurin inhibitor and has been commonly used in treatments of patients with organ transplants and immune diseases.
• Moreover, tacrolimus is recommended by the treatment guidelines for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as oral lichen planus (OLP).
• However, whether tacrolimus increases the risk of cancer remains controversial.
• They observed that in a 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis model, tacrolimus treatment was associated with a significantly lower ratio of cancer formation (52.94% vs. 90%) and a lower proportion of Ki67 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) -positive cells in lesion areas.

Source: ScienceDirect

4- Babaodan controls excessive immune responses and may represent a cytokine-targeted agent suitable for COVID-19 treatment

• Cytokine-targeted therapeutic strategies to reduce lung inflammatory injury have been proposed for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19.
• TCM within the “heat-clearing and detoxifying (qingre jiedu)” category have been demonstrated to exert strong anti-inflammatory activities.
• Baobadan (BBD) exerts pronounced anti-inflammatory effects on TLR1/2 and TLR3 dual activated macrophages that are associated with NF-κB and MAPKs.
• BBD protects mice from excessive cytokine production and inflammatory lung injury.
• Based on limited data, BBD appears to reduce the overproduction of IL-6 in severely ill COVID-19 patients.

Source: ScienceDirect

5 – Preventing the onset of diabetes-induced chronic kidney disease during prediabetes: The effects of oleanolic acid on selected markers of chronic kidney disease in a diet-induced prediabetic rat model

• The prevalence of prediabetes correlates with increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• This study was aimed at investigating the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on markers associated with CKD in the prediabetic rat model.
• This study observed that OA could reduce oxidative stress in the kidney while restoring plasma aldosterone and KIM-1 as well as urine electrolytes which were found to be augmented in prediabetic animals.
• These findings suggest that OA can ameliorate renal complications in a prediabetic rat model.
• However, more research is needed for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms behind these effects.

Source: ScienceDirect

6 – Are dexmedetomidine and olanzapine suitable to control delirium in critically ill elderly patients? A retrospective cohort study

• The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and olanzapine for delirium control in critically ill elderly patients without ventilation or surgery are not known.
• The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and olanzapine for controlling delirium were evaluated in a retrospective cohort of critically illness by assessing the sedation level, drug dose/duration, combination rate with other sedatives, adverse effects, intubation rate and prognosis.
• Dexmedetomidine achieved more satisfactory sedative effects on delirium control, but olanzapine was safer.

Source: ScienceDirect

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