4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 17th June

1 – The effectiveness comparisons of eugenosedin-A, glibenclamide and pioglitazone on diabetes mellitus induced by STZ/NA and high-fat diet in SHR

• Eugenosedin-A (Eu-A), an adrenergic and serotonergic antagonist, is known to have anti-metabolic syndrome effects.
• In this study, they evaluated its protective effects against diabetes mellitus (DM) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and compared it with two anti-diabetes medications, glibenclamide (Gli) and pioglitazone (Pio).
• Taken together, Eu-A ameliorated DM, hypertension and tachycardia by improving glucose, lipid homeostasis and anti-adrenergic, serotonergic activities.
• They concluded that Eu-A could be used in the development of an effective agent for controlling DM and its complications.

Source: Oxford Academic

2 – Flavonoids against the SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory storm

• The disease severity of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and patients with co-morbidities, is characterized by hypercytokinemia
• Flavonoids, important secondary metabolites of plants, have long been studied as therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases due to their cytokine-modulatory effects.
• In this review, they discuss the potential role of flavonoids in the modulation of signaling pathways that are crucial for COVID-19 disease, particularly those related to inflammation and immunity.

Source: ScienceDirect

3 – Terpenoids from Curcumae Rhizoma: Their anticancer effects and clinical uses on combination and versus drug therapies

• Cancer is a fatal disease with high mortality and low survival rate worldwide.
• At present, there is still no known cure for most cancers.
• The review aims to systematically summarize the recent advances on the anticancer effects and related molecular mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma, and its terpenoids (β-elemene, Furanodiene, Furanodienone, Germacrone, Curcumol, Curdione).

Source: ScienceDirect

4- Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update

• Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acting via indirect activation of 5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)
• Beyond the anti-diabetic effect, accumulative pieces of evidence have revealed that metformin also everts a beneficial effect in diverse kidney diseases.
• in this review, they conclude the application of metformin in kidney diseases and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms

Source: ScienceDirect

5 – Impact of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on mortality during the COVID Pandemic among STEMI patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion: Insight from an international STEMI registry

• Concerns have been raised on a potential interaction between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) and the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• This is the first study to investigate the impact of RASI therapy on the prognosis and SARSCoV2 infection of STEMI patients undergoing PPCI during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Both pre-admission and in-hospital RASI were associated with lower mortality. Among SARSCoV2-positive patients, both chronic and in-hospital RASI therapy showed no impact on survival.

Source: ScienceDirect

6 – COVID-19 and metabolic comorbidities: An update on emerging evidences for optimal therapies

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and other associated metabolic complications have been demonstrated as a crucial contributor to the enhanced morbidity and mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• This review discusses the pathophysiological link among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), metabolic complications, and severe inflammation in COVID-19 development, especially in those with multi-organ injuries.
• They discuss the influence of several routinely used drugs in COVID-19 patients, including anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant drugs, antidiabetic drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.
• Especially, they provide a balanced overview on the clinical application of glucose-lowering drugs (insulin and metformin), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers.

Source: ScienceDirect

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