4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 15th April

1 – Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study

• This study aims to quantify rates of organ specific dysfunction in individuals with covid-19 after discharge from hospital compared with a matched control group from the general population.
• Individuals discharged from hospital after covid-19 had increased rates of multiorgan dysfunction compared with the expected risk in the general population.
• The increase in risk was not confined to the elderly and was not uniform across ethnicities.
• The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of post-covid syndrome requires integrated rather than organ or disease specific approaches, and urgent research is needed to establish the risk factors.

Source: The BMJ

2 – Covid-19: Moderna and Pfizer vaccines prevent infections as well as symptoms, CDC study finds

• Vaccination with the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine reduces infections by 90%, while a single dose confers 80% protection, shows a study led by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that followed essential workers through the worst months of the pandemic.
• The study is one of a small number that employ regular testing to measure vaccines’ impact on infection rates rather than counting cases of symptomatic disease, hospital admission, or death.

Source: The BMJ

3 – Update to living systematic review on drug treatments for covid-19

• This living systematic review by Siemieniuk and colleagues has been updated.
• The latest version of this living systematic review includes results for new interventions angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, anakinra, full dose anticoagulation, ivermectin, ivermectin plus doxycycline, JAK inhibitors, lopinavir-ritonavir plus interferon-beta, peginterferon lambda, proxalutamide, sulodexide, vitamin C, and vitamin D (but certainty is generally low or very low); evidence that azithromycin may not have an impact on any patient-important outcome.

Source: The BMJ

4- Association of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin type II blockers with ACE2 overexpression in COVID-19 comorbidities: A pathway-based analytical study

• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a major public health concern.
• To date, the association of ACEi and/or ARBs with the up-regulation of ACE2 expression has not been defined distinctively.
• The proposed review will focus on the pathways which are responsible for the upregulation of ACE2 and its impact on gravity of SARS-CoV-2 disease

Source: ScienceDirect

5 – Why do we lack a specific magic anti-COVID-19 drug? Analyses and solutions

• The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents the greatest worldwide public health crisis of recent times.
• The lack of proven effective therapies means that COVID-19 rages relatively unchecked. Current anti-COVID-19 pharmacotherapies are drugs originally designed for other diseases
• A specific anti-Coronavirus drug should not only target the virus per se, but also treat the related respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms.
• Here, they examine the advantages and disadvantages of current anti-COVID-19 pharmacotherapies, and analyze the reasons why in the era of big data we have not yet established specific coronavirus therapies and related technical bottlenecks.

Source: ScienceDirect

6 – Repositioning of histamine H1 receptor antagonist: Doxepin inhibits viropexis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus by blocking ACE

• The spread of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been intensifying in the past year
• There is an urgent need for effective drugs and vaccines to fight the COVID-19.
• In this study, they aim to screen potential drugs among histamine H1 receptor antagonists that may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Through the pseudovirus assay, they finally identified that doxepin could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus from entering the ACE2-expressing cell, reducing the infection rate to 25.82%.

Source: ScienceDirect

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