4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 23th December

1 – The Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation and Postoperative Behaviors in Pediatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

• This study systematically evaluated the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation and postoperative behaviors in a pediatric population as well as whether the results met the information required to draw conclusions.
• This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy evaluation of dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation and postoperative behaviors in a pediatric population.
• Dexmedetomidine slowed down intraoperative HR within the normal range, which might reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.
• It reduced postoperative pain and postoperative complications: delirium and desaturation.
• Dexmedetomidine showed no dose-dependent increase in the procedural sedation time of pediatric patients.
• Clinically, dexmedetomidine can improve pediatric procedural sedation and postoperative behavior, and it can be considered as a related medicine for safety in pediatric surgery.

Source: SAGE Journal

2 – Effect of PARP Inhibitors as Maintenance Treatment on Restricted Mean Survival Time in Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

• Earlier trials on the efficacy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer used the hazard ratio (HR) as an efficacy parameter.
• The present meta-analysis was focused on improving the robustness and clinical interpretability of the efficacy evaluation of PARP inhibitors using the restricted mean survival time (RMST).
• Based on using the RMST difference as an alternative measure to the HR, this meta-analysis suggests that PARP inhibitors are the most effective for patients with BRCA mutations, followed by patients with HRD carcinoma.

Source: SAGE Journal

3 – Curcumin suppresses neuroinflammation to protect neurons by preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation

• Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain like receptors protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion plays an important role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
• Curcumin has been shown to improve cognitive impairment and learning ability of AD mice by reducing IL-1β secretion.
• However, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear.
• In the present study, they explored the relationship between the neuroprotective effect of curcumin and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
• Overall, the data indicated that curcumin is a promising neuroprotective agent for suppressing neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Source: SAGE Journal

4- Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?

• This study aims to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
• This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study.
• COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.

Source: SAGE Journals

5 – Efficacy, safety, and adherence of tocilizumab therapy in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A real-world observational study

• They evaluated the efficacy, safety, and drug survival rate of tocilizumab in the elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
• The patients were divided into a young group (<65 years) and an elderly group (≥65 years).
• The efficacy, safety, and drug survival rate of tocilizumab were compared between the two groups.
• The efficacy, steroid-sparing effect, and safety of tocilizumab therapy, as well as the drug survival rate for three years, were not inferior in elderly RA compared to young RA patients.

Source: SAGE Journal

6 – Antitumor activity of flavonoids from Alpinia officinarum hance on gastric cancer

• This study aims to investigate antitumor activity and mechanism of flavonoids from Alpinia officinarum Hance against gastric cancer.
• Tumor inhibitory rate, spleen, and thymus index were calculated.
• Contents of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in serum were detected.
• Effect of galangin on BGC-823 cell growth was detected. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured
• Flavonoids from A. officinarum showed antitumor activity in gastric cancer. Mechanisms may be associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and cancer-associated inflammation.

Source: SAGE Journal

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