Read & Download your Issue of Thursday – February 04 FNN News

Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir regimens for the treatment of COVID-19: an individual patient data meta-analysis

• The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir has a well-established safety profile and improves clinical outcomes in HCV patients.
• In silico and in vitro studies suggest that sofosbuvir/daclatasvir may show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
• Available evidence suggests that sofosbuvir/daclatasvir improves survival and clinical recovery in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
• However, the sample size for analysis was relatively small, one of the trials was not randomized and the designs were not standardized.

Source: Oxford Academic

Identification of a novel tedizolid resistance mutation in rpoB of MRSA after in vitro serial passage

• Tedizolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA.
• Tedizolid resistance is uncommon and tedizolid’s capacity to select for cross-resistance to other antimicrobials is incompletely understood.
• The objective of this study was to further explore the phenotypic and genetic basis of tedizolid resistance in MRSA.

Source: Oxford Academic

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Achromobacter spp.: substitutions in QRDRs of GyrA, GyrB, ParC and ParE and implication of the RND efflux system AxyEF-OprN

• Achromobacter are emerging pathogens in cystic fibrosis patients. Mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones are unknown in clinical isolates.
• Among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, fluoroquinolone resistance is mostly due to amino acid substitutions in localized regions of the targets (GyrA, GyrB, ParC and ParE) named QRDRs, but also to efflux.
• This study aims to explore quinolone resistance mechanisms in Achromobacter.

Source: The Lancet

Distinct epidemiology and resistance mechanisms affecting ceftolozane/tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from ICU patients

• This study aims to analyse the epidemiology, the resistome and the virulome of ceftolozane/tazobactam-susceptible or -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates recovered from surveillance studies in Portugal and Spain.
• GES-13-CC235 and VIM type-CC175 were the most frequent MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa clones causing infections in Portuguese and Spanish ICU patients, respectively.
• Ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance was mainly due to carbapenemase production, although mutations in PBP-encoding genes may additionally be involved.

Source: Oxford Academic

Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and COVID-19 in critically ill elderly patients

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), uses the membrane-bound form of the aminopeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells.
• To investigate special clinical features in COVID-19, the COVIP study is ongoing.
• The prospective design aims to create high-quality data about risk factors, comorbidities, pre-existing frailty, ICU-treatment including treatment limitations, and the use of experimental drugs in this critically ill patient collective of elderly patients.

Source: Oxford Academic

Implication of a High Risk for Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emergence and Transmission After the Switch From Trivalent to Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

• China implemented the globally synchronized switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) and introduced 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on 1 May 2016.
• This study assessed the impact of the switch on the immunity level against poliovirus, especially type 2.
• The switch from tOPV to bOPV can provide high-level immunity against types 1 and 3 but not against type 2, indicating a high risk of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus emergence and transmission.

Source: Oxford Academic

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