4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 10th June

1 – Vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study

• The dynamics of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 are complicated by age-dependent factors, changing levels of infection, and the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) as the perceived risk declines, necessitating the use of mathematical models.
• The aims of this study were to use epidemiological data from the UK together with estimates of vaccine efficacy to predict the possible long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 under the planned vaccine rollout.
• Although novel vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 offer a potential exit strategy for the pandemic, success is highly contingent on the precise vaccine properties and population uptake, both of which need to be carefully monitored.

Source: The Lancet

2 – Efficacy of Methocarbamol for Acute Pain Management in Young Adults With Traumatic Rib Fractures

• Rib fractures account for more than one-third of blunt thoracic injuries and are associated with serious complications.
• This study aimed to assess the impact of methocarbamol addition to the pain control regimen on daily opioid requirements for young adults with rib fractures.
• This is the first study to evaluate the impact of methocarbamol on reducing opioid requirements.
• Given the risks associated with opioids, use of methocarbamol as an analgesia-optimizing, opioid-sparing multimodal agent may be reasonable.

Source: SAGE Journals

3 – Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review of Thrombosis and Bleeding Outcomes

• This study aims to evaluate how treatment with DOACs for VTE affects thrombosis and bleeding outcomes compared to warfarin in CKD and dialysis patients.
• Apixaban may be used cautiously as an alternative in acute VTE treatment in severe CKD patients.
• Insufficient evidence is available to suggest the use of dabigatran and rivaroxaban in this patient population.
• The benefit of using DOACs in this population for VTE treatment should be weighed against the potential bleeding risk in patients with CKD

Source: SAGE Journals

4- Once-daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive Taiwanese patients with chronic hepatitis B and minimally raised alanine aminotransferase (TORCH-B): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomised trial

• Antiviral therapy for patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B and minimally raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is controversial.
• This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in reducing the risk of disease progression in this patient population.
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate reduces the risk of progression in liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and minimally raised ALT, but its effect on necroinflammation is non-significant.

Source: The Lancet

5 – Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Pirfenidone, Nintedanib, and Pamrevlumab for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

• The comparative efficacy of pirfenidone, nintedanib, and pamrevlumab in slowing the rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is unknown.
• This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) of these drugs for IPF.
• This MA provided encouraging results on pamrevlumab efficacy in slowing the decline in FVC compared with pirfenidone and nintedanib.

Source: SAGE Journals

6 – The Potentially Recommended Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19

• SARS-CoV-2 is an etiological mediator of coronavirus 2 (COVID-19), characterized by pneumonic contagion in human beings.
• The study intended to examine the data from studies on clinical management of COVID-19.
• There have been intensive attempts to explore drug therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during this COVID-19 pandemic.
• Several drugs have been identified which including remdesivir, two antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) and immunosuppressive agents.
• The effects of most drug interventions are currently highly uncertain and several drugs and vaccines are under trail for the effective treatment of COVID-19 virus

Source: Pubmed

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