4- Thursday Pharmacotherapy News – 1st April

1 – Resistance to tetracyclines among clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Resistance to tetracyclines, the first-line treatment for urogenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species, is increasing worldwide.
• The aim of the present study was to determine the global status of resistance to this class of antibiotics.
• The results of the present study show that the overall resistance to tetracyclines is relatively high and prevalent among M. hominis and Ureaplasma species throughout the world.
• This highlights the importance of and necessity for regional and local antibiotic susceptibility testing before treatment choice as well as development of newer generations of tetracyclines.

Source: Oxford Academic

2 – Characterization of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate and a vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium isolate from the same blood culture

• This study aims to characterize two Enterococcus faecium isolates with different resistance phenotypes obtained from the same blood culture.
• The results demonstrate that the VREfm and VSEfm blood culture isolates represented ST203 and were identical.
• The investigated heterogeneous resistance phenotypes resulted from the acquisition or loss of plasmid segments in the enterococcal isolates.
• These data illustrate that mobile genetic elements may contribute to the spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci and to the genotypic and phenotypic variation within clonal isolates.

Source: Oxford Academic

3 – Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ridinilazole and six comparators against Chinese, Japanese and South Korean strains of Clostridioides difficile

• Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea in high-income countries.
• Fluoroquinolone resistance enabled the emergence and intercontinental spread of the epidemic ribotype (RT) 027 strain of C. difficile in the early 2000s.
• This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ridinilazole, a novel antimicrobial agent with highly specific activity for C. difficile, against clinical strains of C. difficile from Asia.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- Assessing the in vitro impact of ceftazidime on aztreonam/avibactam susceptibility testing for highly resistant MBL-producing Enterobacterales

• Aztreonam/avibactam is a combination agent that shows promise in treating infections caused by highly antibiotic-resistant MBL-producing Enterobacterales.
• This combination can be achieved by combining two FDA-approved drugs: ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam.
• This study aims to determine whether increasing ceftazidime concentrations affect the MICs of aztreonam/avibactam alone.

Source: Oxford Academic

5 – Corticosteroids and mortality in patients with severe Covid-19 who have autoantibodies

• Auto-reactivity in COVID-19 is increasingly being recognized and may identify a group of patients with inflammation severe enough to result in loss of self-tolerance.
• Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents and now the standard of care for patients with severe Covid-19 requiring oxygen support/mechanical ventilation.
• In this retrospective cohort study, we included 51 COVID-19 patients admitted between March 10, 2020 and May 2, 2020 who received corticosteroid treatment and also had serum sample in our institution bio-bank available for ANA and RF ELISA.
• Mortality rate among patients with positive autoantibodies was significantly higher than those without (9/12 or 75% versus 13/39 or 33.3%, p= 0.02).

Source: MedRxiv

6 – Combination Therapy of Adalimumab with an Immunomodulator Is Not More Effective than Adalimumab Monotherapy in Children With Crohn’s Disease

• The PAILOT trial was a randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate proactive vs reactive therapeutic drug monitoring in children with Crohn’s disease (CD) treated with adalimumab.
• The aim in this post hoc analysis of the PAILOT trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of adalimumab combination treatment in comparison with monotherapy at week 72 after adalimumab induction.

Source: Oxford Academic

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