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Global trends in antimicrobial use in aquaculture

• Globally aquaculture contributes 8% of animal protein intake to the human diet, and per capita consumption is increasing faster than meat and dairy consumption.
• Reports have documented antimicrobial use in the rapidly expanding aquaculture industry, which may contribute to the rise of antimicrobial resistance.
• This study projects antimicrobial use in each country by combining mean antimicrobial use coefficients per species group with OECD/FAO Agricultural Outlook and FAO FishStat production volumes.

Source: Scientific Reports

Antibiotic Resistance Could Cause the Next Pandemic. Here’s How the Biden Administration Can Tackle It

• A national security priority for the next few years will be preventing the next pandemic, and a vital part of that should be leading a global effort to protect one of our most important infection-fighting tools: antibiotics.
• There’s a risk of bacteria developing resistance every time we use antibiotics. If the drug isn’t strong enough to kill all of the microbes, the ones that survive are those already most resistant.
• Bacteria reproduce very fast, so they can rapidly evolve into forms that are better able to survive being bathed in ever-stronger concentrations of the antibiotic: in one test, increasing resistance a thousand-fold in just 11 days.

Source: Slate

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community antibiotic prescribing in Scotland

• Following concerns about increased antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic, trends in community antibiotic prescriptions in Scotland were evaluated.
• Trends in antibiotic prescription data show that after an initial surge, and following ‘lockdown’ in Scotland, the total number of prescriptions for antibiotics commonly used for respiratory infections fell.
• This is the first published national evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on community use of antibiotics.

Source: Oxford Academic

Pharmacological basis for the potential role of Azithromycin and Doxycycline in management of COVID-19

• A novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 has led to an outbreak of the highly infectious pandemic COVID-19 complicated viral pneumonia.
• Patients with risk factors frequently develop secondary infections where the role of appropriate antibiotics is mandatory.
• However, the efforts of drug repurposing lead to recognizing the role of certain antibiotics beyond the management of infection.
• The current review provided the detailed antiviral, immunomodulatory effect, unique pharmacokinetic profile of two antibiotics namely azithromycin (AZ) and doxycycline (DOX).

Source: ScienceDirect

Understanding the Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Re-infections on Immune Response Milieu, Laboratory Tests and Control Measures against COVID-19

• Several months after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), cases of re-infection after recovery were reported.
• The extent and duration of protective immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood.
• This article offers a detailed biology of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections and their implications on immune response milieu, diagnostic laboratory tests and control measures against COVID-19.

Source: ScienceDirect

Fever: could a cardinal sign of COVID-19 infection reduce mortality?

• With mortality rising from the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be overlooking a key aspect of the immunological response.
• Fever is a cardinal sign of this rampant infection; however, little attention has been paid towards how a fever may work in our favor in overcoming this disease.
• Fever inhibits gastrointestinal function as energy is reallocated to the immunological response, underscoring the need to work in concert with these physiological changes.
• An opportunity awaits to investigate this natural barrier to infection.

Source: ScienceDirect

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