1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 26th July

1 – Bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab in Mild or Moderate Covid-19

• Patients with underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
• Whereas vaccine-derived immunity develops over time, neutralizing monoclonal-antibody treatment provides immediate, passive immunity and may limit disease progression and complications.
• Among high-risk ambulatory patients, bamlanivimab plus etesevimab led to a lower incidence of Covid-19–related hospitalization and death than did placebo and accelerated the decline in the SARS-CoV-2 viral load.

Source: NEJM

2 – Persistent symptoms in adult patients one year after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

• Long COVID is defined as the persistence of symptoms beyond 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• To better understand the long-term course and etiology of symptoms we analyzed a cohort of COVID-19 patients prospectively.
• Neurocognitive long COVID symptoms can persist at least for one year after COVID-19 symptom onset, and reduce life quality significantly.
• Several neurocognitive symptoms were associated with ANA titre elevations. This may indicate autoimmunity as cofactor in aetiology of long COVID.

Source: Oxford Academic

3 – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Sequence Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistence and Reinfection

• Both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection and persistent infection have been reported, but sequence characteristics in these scenarios have not been described.
• In this study they assessed published cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and persistence, characterizing the hallmarks of reinfecting sequences and the rate of viral evolution in persistent infection.
• Reinfecting SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes largely mirror contemporaneous circulating sequences in that geographic region, while persistent COVID-19 has been largely described in immunosuppressed individuals and is associated with accelerated viral evolution.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 infection clusters based on integrated genomic surveillance, outbreak analysis and contact tracing in an urban setting

• Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains is still a major challenge for public health authorities, when incidental contacts are not recalled or are not perceived as potential risk contacts.
• Viral sequencing can address key questions about SARS-CoV-2 evolution and may support reconstruction of viral transmission networks by integration of molecular epidemiology into classical contact tracing.
• Integrated systems of genomic surveillance could contribute to the monitoring and, potentially, improved management of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the population.

Source: Oxford Academic

5 – Ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

• In this study they systematically assessed benefits and harms of the use of ivermectin (IVM) in COVID-19 patients.
• Published and preprint randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing IVM effects on COVID-19 adult patients were searched until March 22, 2021 in five engines.
• In comparison to SOC or placebo, IVM did not reduce all-cause mortality, length of stay or viral clearance in RCTs in COVID-19 patients with mostly mild disease.
• IVM did not have an effect on AEs or severe AEs.
• IVM is not a viable option to treat COVID-19 patients.

Source: Oxford Academic

6 – Relationship Between the ABO Blood Group and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Susceptibility

• The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the new infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread widely around the world.
• Current clinical observation suggest that people’s age and sex are 2 risk factors in the susceptibility to COVID-19
• Older people and men are more susceptible to infection and development of more severe disease.
• To explore any relationship between the ABO blood group and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility, they compared ABO blood group distributions in 2173 COVID-19 patients with local control populations, and found that blood group A was associated with an increased risk of infection, whereas group O was associated with a decreased risk.

Source: Oxford Academic

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