1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 21th June

1 – Study says international travel increases antimicrobial resistance

• Antimicrobial resistance is described by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to humanity.
• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites no longer respond to medicines – they evolve beyond what exists to stop them
• A new study confirms that antimicrobial resistance increases as people travel internationally, with one scientist commenting that the world faces “a worrisome problem on the horizon”

Source: Open Access Government

2 – Covid-19 and the delta variant—we need an urgent focus on mitigations in schools

• On the 17 May 2021, the UK government removed the requirement for face coverings in secondary schools in England.
• Many argued that this was ill advised given the clear evidence for the role of children and schools in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the rise of the new variant, subsequently designated as delta, which was already implicated in school outbreaks at the time.
• Schools are the place where infections are rising fastest.
• Yet schools are a place where the basic mitigations of face coverings, space, and fresh air are not simply missing, but—in the case of masks—have actually just been removed.
• The government must act urgently to protect and support its children at this critical juncture.

Source: The BMJ opinion

3 – MRSA Transmission in Intensive Care Units: Genomic Analysis of Patients, Their Environments, and Healthcare Workers

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)—and now USA300 MRSA—is a significant intensive care unit (ICU) pathogen; healthcare worker (HCW) contamination may lead to patient cross-transmission
• This study demonstrated frequent spread of MRSA USA300 and USA100 strains among patients, environment, and HCWs.
• WGS identified possible spread within and even between ICUs.
• Future analysis with detailed contact tracing in conjunction with genomic data may further elucidate pathways of MRSA spread and points for intervention.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global antimicrobial and biocide resistance: an AMR Insights global perspective

• The COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health challenge in all countries.
• However, repercussions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on future global health are still being investigated, including the pandemic’s potential effect on the emergence and spread of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
• In this publication, the authors present a brief overview of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated issues that could influence the pandemic’s effect on global AMR.

Source: Oxford Academic

5 – What does the pandemic teach us about the future of antibiotics?

• This podcast is an interview with Stephen Hughes, a consultant antimicrobial pharmacist at Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust.
• The podcast discusses how he and his team have adapted during the pandemic with a view on the impact on antimicrobial stewardship.
• The importance of patient outcomes in antibiotic use; the reliance on the pharmaceutical industry to keep coming up with new antibiotics and whether we make the best use of new antibiotics were discussed.
• The issue of proven or suspected secondary bacterial infection in people who have suffered COVID-19 was also tackled.

Source: Oxford Academic

6 – Renin-angiotensin system blockers and COVID-19

• Early in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 the main counter-regulatory enzyme of the classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS)—was identified as the receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
• Two contradictory hypotheses emerged in the scientific literature.
• Some authors warned against the potential deleterious effect of RAS blockers, which had been shown to increase ACE2 expression in some animal models, and advocated for the preventive discontinuation of these drugs
• Unlike previously reported in studies suffering methodological flaws, and in line with recently published small-scale randomized trials, there is no strong protective effect associated with the continuation of RAS blockers after hospital admission for COVID-19.

Source: BMC

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