1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 22th November 

1 – Quantifying the Impact of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Influenza Transmission in the United States

• Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented to suppress transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
• Evidence indicates that NPIs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also have effects on transmission of seasonal influenza.
• Healthcare systems need to prepare for potential influenza patient surges and advocate vaccination and continued precautions.

Source: Oxford Academic

2 – A Retrospective Test-Negative Case-Control Study to Evaluate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Hospitalizations in Children

• Vaccination is the primary strategy to reduce influenza burden. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary annually depending on circulating strains.
• They used a test-negative case-control study design to estimate influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations among children (aged 6 months–17 years) across 5 influenza seasons.
• Influenza vaccination decreased the risk of influenza-related pediatric hospitalizations by >50% across 5 influenza seasons.

Source: Oxford Academic

3 – Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Population-based Study

• They performed a population-based study to describe the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on pregnancy outcomes.
• The overall rate of pregnancy complications in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar to that of noninfected women.
• However, symptomatic COVID-19 was associated with modest increases in preterm delivery and intrapartum fetal distress.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- Comparison of Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Cycle Threshold Values From Respiratory Specimens in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

• Understanding viral kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important to assess risk of transmission, manage treatment, and determine the need for isolation and protective equipment.
• The impact of viral load in asymptomatic infected children is important to understand transmission potential.
• They sought to determine whether children deemed to be asymptomatic had a difference in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) value of respiratory samples from symptomatic children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• In this retrospective review of children who tested positive by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, the mean Ct was significantly lower in symptomatic children and was lowest in children <5 years of age, indicating that symptomatic children and younger children infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have a higher viral load in the nasopharynx compared to asymptomatic children.
• Further studies are needed to assess the transmission potential from asymptomatic children.

Source: Oxford Academic

5 – Shorter and Longer Courses of Antibiotics for Common Infections and the Association With Reductions of Infection-Related Complications Including Hospital Admissions

• Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global health concern that emphasizes completing treatment course.
• Recently, the effectiveness of short versus longer antibiotic courses has been questioned.
• This study investigated the duration of prescribed antibiotics, their effectiveness, and associated risk of infection-related complications.
• Equal effectiveness was found between shorter and longer antibiotic courses and the reduction of infection-related hospitalizations.
• Stewardship programs should recommend shorter courses of antibiotics for acute infections.
• Further research is required for treating patients with a complex medical history.

Source: Oxford Academic

6 – First Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in a Healthcare Worker Cohort Is Associated With Reduced Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

• The rollout of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United Kingdom has included healthcare workers as a priority group.
• The efficacy of currently licensed vaccines against symptomatic disease is well documented from clinical trials; however, there are fewer data with regard to asymptomatic shedding of virus, or the changing pattern of symptoms of those infected as vaccination programs progress.
• Here they present the effect of the vaccine rollout on staff polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and LFD positivity across symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.

Source: Oxford Academic

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