1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 23th August 

1 – Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Plus Standard Care vs Standard Care Alone for the Treatment of Emotional Exhaustion and Burnout Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

• Frontline health care professionals who work with patients with COVID-19 have an increased incidence of burnout symptoms.
• Cannabidiol (CBD) has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties and may be capable of reducing emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms.
• This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of CBD therapy for the reduction of emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms among frontline health care professionals working with patients with COVID-19.
• In this study, CBD therapy reduced symptoms of burnout and emotional exhaustion among health care professionals working with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• However, it is necessary to balance the benefits of CBD therapy with potential undesired or adverse effects.

Source: JAMA Network

2 – Influence of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has spread around the world in a few months, becoming a pandemic.
• The lack of initial knowledge on its management has led to a great effort in developing vaccines and in finding therapeutic weapons capable of improving the clinical outcome of the affected patients.
• In particular, the possible role of vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19 has been widely analysed, resulting in a great amount of data.
• This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether hypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether it affects the worsening of the clinical course of COVID-19.

Source: The Lancet

3 – Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant

• The B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has contributed to a surge in cases in India and has now been detected across the globe, including a notable increase in cases in the United Kingdom.
• The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines against this variant has been unclear.
• Only modest differences in vaccine effectiveness were noted with the delta variant as compared with the alpha variant after the receipt of two vaccine doses.
• Absolute differences in vaccine effectiveness were more marked after the receipt of the first dose.
• This finding would support efforts to maximize vaccine uptake with two doses among vulnerable populations.

Source: NEJM

4- Variation of National and International Guidelines on Respiratory Protection for Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

• Conflicting evidence surrounding SARS-CoV-2 transmission, particularly airborne transmission, may have contributed to heterogeneous recommendations for respiratory protection across countries and organizations.
• Variability among guidelines may generate confusion, anxiety, and mistrust among health care professionals (HCPs) regarding the ability of respiratory protection to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
• This study assessed variation in international and national guidelines on respiratory protection for HCPs in hospital settings during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Source: JAMA Network

5 – SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in Infection-Naive or Previously Infected Individuals After 1 and 2 Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine

• The Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine demonstrated 95% efficacy after 2 doses during clinical trials.
• There are reports that individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection elicit stronger antibody responses after 1 dose compared with individuals without prior infection.
• Consequently, individuals with a documented prior COVID-19 infection may be sufficiently protected from reinfection after a single mRNA vaccine dose, which could free up availability of millions of additional doses.
• This study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobin (Ig) G antibody levels after 1 and 2 BNT162b2 doses in previously infected individuals compared with those without previous infection.

Source: JAMA Network

6 – Quantification of Specific Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk of Lactating Women Vaccinated With an mRNA Vaccine

• The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions among individuals who are breastfeeding, both because of the possibility of viral transmission to infants during breastfeeding and, more recently, of the potential risks and benefits of vaccination in this specific population.
• Previous studies have reported the presence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of COVID-19–infected lactating women, and recently several studies have demonstrated the passage of postvaccine antibodies through breast milk in women vaccinated with novel mRNA-based vaccines.
• In the present study, they sought to characterize the levels of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the breast milk of mRNA-vaccinated women across time, as well as their correlation with serum antibody levels.

Source: JAMA Network

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