1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 7th June

1 – Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents

• Until very recently, vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had not been authorized for emergency use in persons younger than 16 years of age.
• Safe, effective vaccines are needed to protect this population, facilitate in-person learning and socialization, and contribute to herd immunity.
• The BNT162b2 vaccine in 12-to-15-year-old recipients had a favorable safety profile, produced a greater immune response than in young adults, and was highly effective against Covid-19.

Source: NEJM

2 – Estimating infectiousness throughout SARS-CoV-2 infection course

• Two elementary parameters for quantifying viral infection and shedding are viral load and whether samples yield a replicating virus isolate in cell culture.
• They examined 25,381 German SARS-CoV-2 cases, including 6110 from test centres attended by pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic, and mildly-symptomatic (PAMS) subjects
• The results indicate that PAMS subjects in apparently-healthy groups can be expected to be as infectious as hospitalised patients at the time of detection.
• The relative levels of expected infectious virus shedding of PAMS subjects (including children) is of high importance because these people are circulating in the community and it is clear that they can trigger and fuel outbreaks.

Source: Science Mag

3 – Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons

• Many pregnant persons in the United States are receiving messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines, but data are limited on their safety in pregnancy.
• Preliminary findings did not show obvious safety signals among pregnant persons who received mRNA Covid-19 vaccines.
• However, more longitudinal follow-up, including follow-up of large numbers of women vaccinated earlier in pregnancy, is necessary to inform maternal, pregnancy, and infant outcomes.

Source: NEJM

4- Pathologic Antibodies to Platelet Factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination

• The mainstay of control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
• Within a year, several vaccines have been developed and millions of doses delivered.
• Reporting of adverse events is a critical postmarketing activity.
• Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 remains critical for control of the Covid-19 pandemic.
• A pathogenic PF4-dependent syndrome, unrelated to the use of heparin therapy, can occur after the administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.
• Rapid identification of this rare syndrome is important because of the therapeutic implications.

Source: NEJM

5 – Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults – A Randomized Clinical Trial

• Although effective vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed, additional vaccines are still needed.
• This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
• In this prespecified interim analysis of a randomized clinical trial, treatment of adults with either of 2 inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19, and serious adverse events were rare.

Source: JAMA Network

6 – Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy adults aged 60 years and older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial

• A vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed for older adults, in whom morbidity and mortality due to the disease are increased.
• This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a candidate COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2, in adults aged 60 years and older.
• CoronaVac is safe and well tolerated in older adults.
• Neutralising antibody titres induced by the 3 μg dose were similar to those of the 6 μg dose, and higher than those of the 1·5 μg dose, supporting the use of the 3 μg dose CoronaVac in phase 3 trials to assess protection against COVID-19.

Source: The Lancet

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