1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 12th July

1 – Relationship Between Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Nucleic Acid and Organ Damage in Coronavirus 2019 Patients: A Cohort Study

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide and has the ability to damage multiple organs.
• However, information on serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (RNAemia) in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited.
• In this study, they provide evidence to support that SARS-CoV-2 may have an important role in multiple organ damage.
• The evidence suggests that RNAemia has a significant association with higher risk of in-hospital mortality.

Source: Oxford Academic

2 – Effect of Influenza Vaccination in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalization in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

• People with diabetes are at high risk of severe influenza complications.
• The influenza vaccination effect among diabetic patients remains inconclusive.
• This study estimated the average effect of influenza vaccination status in the current and prior seasons in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization in diabetic patients.
• On average, influenza vaccination of diabetic population reduced by around half the risk of influenza hospitalization.
• Vaccination in prior seasons maintained a notable protective effect.
• These results reinforce the recommendation of influenza vaccination for diabetic patients.

Source: Oxford Academic

3 – Refocusing Human Microbiota Research in Infectious and Immune-mediated Diseases: Advancing to the Next Stage

• Changes in the microbiota are associated with disease susceptibility, immune system development, and responses to treatment.
• Refocusing research to elucidate the causal links between the human microbiota and infectious and immune-mediated diseases will be critical to harnessing its power to prevent, diagnose, and treat such diseases.
• The importance of a healthy gut microbiota is made evident by the effects of antibiotics, which can wreak havoc by altering the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
• Antibiotics can increase susceptibility to bacterial enteric infections.
• In addition, reduced bacterial diversity of the human gut microbiota is associated with COVID-19 infection.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 on Norovirus Outbreaks: An Analysis of Outbreaks Reported By 9 US States

• In April 2020, the incidence of norovirus outbreaks reported to the National Outbreak Reporting System dramatically declined.
• They used regression models to determine if this decline was best explained by underreporting, seasonal trends, or reduced exposure due to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using data from 9 states from July 2012 to July 2020.
• The decline in norovirus outbreaks was significant for all 9 states, and underreporting and/or seasonality are unlikely to be the primary explanation for these findings.
• These patterns were similar across a variety of settings.
• NPIs appear to have reduced incidence of norovirus, a nonrespiratory pathogen.

Source: Oxford Academic

5 – High Amounts of SARS-CoV-2 Precede Sickness Among Asymptomatic Health Care Workers

• Whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity among asymptomatic subjects reflects past or future disease may be difficult to ascertain.
• High amounts of SARS-CoV-2 virus, as determined using PCR Ct values, was associated with development of sickness in the next few weeks. Results support the concept that PCR Ct may be informative when testing for SARS-CoV-2.

Source: Oxford Academic

6 – Longitudinal Analysis of Human Memory T-Cell Response According to the Severity of Illness up to 8 Months After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

• Understanding the memory T-cell response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for assessing the longevity of protective immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
• However, the longitudinal memory T-cell response up to 8 months post–symptom onset (PSO) according to the severity of illness is unknown.
• Memory response to SARS-CoV-2, based on the frequency and functionality, persists for 8 months PSO.
• Further investigations involving its longevity and protective effect from reinfection are warranted.

Source: Oxford Academic

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