1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 6th September

1 – Hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A long-term follow-up study

• Information about the long-term effects of hand hygiene (HH) interventions is needed.
• This study aimed to investigate the change in HH compliance (HHC) of healthcare workers (HCWs) once a data-driven feedback intervention was stopped, and to assess if the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the HH behavior.
• Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the HHC of the HCWs significantly decreased over time once the data presentation meetings from management stopped.
• This study demonstrates that HCWs fall back into old HH routines once improvement initiatives are stopped.

Source: ScienceDirect

2 – Russia’s Sputnik V protects against severe COVID-19 from Delta variant, study shows

• Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine is holding up well against the Delta variant, a paper posted yesterday on the preprint server medRxiv shows.
• The study of nearly 14,000 people showed the two-dose vaccine reduces the risk of hospitalization with COVID-19 by 81% and helped prevent severe lung injury.
• Sputnik V offered completely vaccinated patients—who had had their second shot at least 2 weeks before coming to the triage center—81% protection against being hospitalized, the study found.
• The study included too few people to detect a statistically significant benefit of partial vaccination.

Source: Sciencemag

3 – Covid: Delta variant patients twice as likely to need hospital care

• People are twice as likely to need hospital care if they are sick with the Delta Covid variant, rather than the Alpha variant that was once prevalent in the UK, data from England suggests.
• Experts say the big study, published in The Lancet, reinforces why it is important that people get fully jabbed.
• Vaccination cuts the risk of serious illness from either variant, although Delta is the current threat.
• Delta accounts for almost all UK cases currently.
• A further 32,406 new coronavirus cases were recorded in the UK on Saturday, alongside another 133 deaths within 28 days of a positive test.

Source: BBC News

4- Identification and evaluation of potential SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents targeting mRNA cap guanine N7-Methyltransferase

• SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, encodes its own mRNA capping machinery.
• Insights into this capping system may provide new ideas for therapeutic interventions and drug discovery.
• In this work, they employ a previously developed Py-FLINT screening approach to study the inhibitory effects of compounds against the cap guanine N7-methyltransferase enzyme, which is involved in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA capping.

Source: ScienceDirect

5 – Preclinical evaluation of Imatinib does not support its use as an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2

• Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the search for an effective and rapidly available treatment was initiated worldwide based on repurposing of available drugs.
• This study present the pre-clinical evaluation of imatinib in multiple models.
• The results indicated that imatinib and another TKI, the masitinib, exhibit an antiviral activity in VeroE6 cells.
• However, imatinib was inactive in a reconstructed bronchial human airway epithelium model.
• In vivo, imatinib therapy failed to impair SARS-CoV-2 replication.
• These results do not support the use of imatinib and similar TKIs as antivirals in the treatment of Covid-19.

Source: ScienceDirect

6 – Broad spectrum anti-coronavirus activity of a series of anti-malaria quinoline analogues

• In this study, a series of 10 quinoline analogues was evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against a panel of alpha- and beta-coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2).
• Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were the most potent with antiviral.
• Potent anti-coronavirus activity was also observed with amodiaquine, ferroquine and mefloquine, although this was associated with substantial cytotoxicity for mefloquine.
• Primaquine, quinidine, quinine and tafenoquine only blocked coronavirus replication at higher concentrations, while piperaquine completely lacked antiviral and cytotoxic effects.

Source: Oxford Academic

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