1- Monday Infectious Disease News – 24th May

1 – Fully vaccinated people can shed their masks in most places -U.S. CDC

• The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Thursday advised that fully vaccinated people do not need to wear masks outdoors and can avoid wearing them indoors in most places, updated guidance the agency said will allow life to begin to return to normal.
• In general, people are considered fully vaccinated:
• 2 weeks after their second dose in a 2-dose series, such as the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, or
• 2 weeks after a single-dose vaccine, such as Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen vaccine
• Immune-compromised individuals should consult doctors before shedding masks, and those who are not vaccinated should continue wearing them

Source: CDC

2 – Active Prescription of Low-dose Aspirin During or Prior to Hospitalization and Mortality in COVID-19 — A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adjusted Effect Estimates

• This study aims to investigate whether the active prescription of low-dose aspirin during or prior to hospitalization affects mortality in COVID-19 patients.
• Aspirin is often prescribed for secondary prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities that might increase mortality, thus, may falsely demonstrate increased mortality.
• Low-dose aspirin use is independently associated with reduced mortality in patients with COVID-19 with a low certainty of evidence.

Source: ScienceDirect

3 – Changes in in-hospital mortality in the first wave of COVID-19: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study using the WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK

• Mortality rates in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the UK appeared to decline during the first wave of the pandemic.
• This study aimed to quantify potential drivers of this change and identify groups of patients who remain at high risk of dying in hospital.
• A significant reduction in in-hospital mortality was associated with differences in respiratory support and critical care use, which could partly reflect accrual of clinical knowledge.

Source: ScienceDirect

4- Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

• Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
• This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
• In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes.

Source: ScienceDirect

5 – Cytokine adsorption in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (CYCOV): a single centre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial

• This study aims to clarify the benefit of cytokine adsorption in patients with COVID-19 supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
• Early initiation of cytokine adsorption in patients with severe COVID-19 and venovenous ECMO did not reduce serum IL-6 and had a negative effect on survival.
• Cytokine adsorption should not be used during the first days of ECMO support in COVID-19.

Source: ScienceDirect

6 – Serum Calcium and Vitamin D levels: Correlation with severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in Royal Hospital, Oman

• Hypocalcemia has been observed at admission in the majority of COVID-19 patients.
• Infection severity has been observed to correlate to magnitude of hypocalcemia.
• Binding of calcium to high levels of unsaturated fatty acids may cause hypocalcemia.
• Vitamin D levels unlikely affect progression and severity of COVID-19 infections.
• There is no correlation of Vitamin D levels to severity or progression of disease

Source: ScienceDirect

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