2- Tuesday Pharmacy Practice News – 5th October

 1 – New Antibiotics Can Be Useful as Treatment for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

• New antibiotics could expand the treatment options for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially for individuals with comorbidities or the elderly, given that CAP has been very resistant to antibiotic treatments, according to the results of a study published in BioScience Trends.
• The study authors evaluated a few new treatments that could be beneficial in treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Lefamulin, omadacycline, ceftaroline, delafloxacin have all been reported as treatment options.
• Lefamulin has antimicrobial activity against common pathogens that cause community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), but can also be used to treat atypical pathogens, according to the study.
• Omadacycline was approved for the treatment of CABP, as well as for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.
• Ceftaroline interferes with the cell wall and fights against most CAP pathogens; whereas delafloxacin has been approved for treatment in multiple causes of CABP and is compared to moxifloxacin.

Source: Pharmacy Times

2 – Innovative Technology Helps Manage Chronic Conditions

• The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on the health care system globally, particularly affecting patients with chronic conditions.
• Many patients with disease states such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and hypertension are at high risk of contracting severe COVID-19, so it is especially important for this population to have access to medication therapy management (MTM) services to improve health outcomes.
• Evidence shows that implementing innovative pharmacist-led MTM services using technology tools such as telehealth during COVID-19 can help patients effectively manage chronic conditions.

Source: Pharmacy Times

3 – FDA Approves Jakafi to Treat Chronic GVHD

• The FDA has approved ruxolitinib (Jakafi, Incyte) to treat chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after the failure of 1 or 2 lines of systemic therapy in individuals aged 12 years and older.
• GVHD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients following an allogeneic stem cell transplant, yet there historically have been limited treatment options available beyond first-line systemic therapies
• Results of the REACH3 study showed that ruxolitinib had a better overall response rate (ORR) compared with the best available therapy for treatment of GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Source: Pharmacy Times

4- Essential Indicators of Quality in Primary Care Settings: An Evidence-Based, Structured, Expert Approach

• Primary health care has a central role in the workings of the health care system and health of the American public.
• Thus, a high-performing, high-quality primary care system is essential.
• As a result, measurement frameworks are needed to assess the quality of the infrastructure, workforce configurations, and processes available in primary care practices due to the complexity of primary care.
• As part of a larger project supported by AHRQ, this research team reports the use of an evidence-based approach to compile a targeted set of existing care measures.
• These measures are prioritized according to their overall contribution and value to primary care.
• Within this paper, they describe the process by which the performance measures were selected and present the final set of measures resulting from the process.

Source: MedRxiv

5 – OpenClinicalAI: enabling AI to diagnose diseases in real-world clinical settings

• This paper quantitatively reveals the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice AI systems only achieve acceptable performance on the stringent conditions that all categories of subjects are known, which we call closed clinical settings, but fail to work in real-world clinical settings.
• Compared to the diagnosis task in the closed setting, real-world clinical settings pose severe challenges, and we must treat them differently.
• In this study they propose an open, dynamic machine learning framework and develop an AI system named OpenClinicalAI to diagnose diseases in real-world clinical settings.
• The first versions of Clinical AIBench and OpenClinicalAI target Alzheimer’s disease.
• In the real-world clinical setting, OpenClinicalAI significantly out-performs the state-of-the-art AI system.
• In addition, OpenClinicalAI develops personalized diagnosis strategies to avoid unnecessary testing and seamlessly collaborates with clinicians.

Source: MedRxiv

6 – A Learning Health System Approach to the COVID-19 Pandemic: System-Wide Changes in Clinical Practice and 30-Day Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients

• Rapid, continuous implementation of credible scientific findings and regulatory approvals is often slow in large, diverse health systems.
• The COVID-19 pandemic created a new threat to this common “slow to learn and adapt” model in healthcare.
• They describe how UPMC committed to a rapid learning health system (LHS) model to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• In this large LHS, near real-time changes in clinical management of COVID-19 patients happened promptly as scientific publications and regulatory approvals occurred throughout the pandemic.
• Alongside these changes, patients with COVID-19 experienced lower adjusted 30-day mortality following hospital admission over time.

Source: MedRxiv

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