3- Wednesday Research News – 31th March

1 – A Review of Dosages of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 in registered Clinical Trials during First Quarter of 2020

• The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been causing a massive global public health havoc. Use of quinolones for treatment of COVID-19 was a matter of huge discussion in scientific community.
• This review was designed to study the dosages of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine planned to be administered in clinical trials registered up to March 2020.
• This study reviews the various dosages of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine utilized in published and under-study clinical trials as assessed during the end of March 2020.

Source: Medrxiv

2- May we overcome the current serious limitations for distributing reconstituted mRNA vaccines?

• There is an urgent need to ameliorate the transport of the reconstituted vaccines to the vaccination sites to improve the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns.
• The maintenance of the integrity of the mRNA of the different COVID-19 reconstituted vaccines after continuous movement at room temperature during at least three hours ensures the safety of a ground transportation.
• An appropriate knowledge of this stability may improve the efficiency in the administration of the vaccines, which may lead to shorter and more homogeneous vaccination in cities and rural areas.

Source: MedRxiv

3- Long Covid in adults discharged from UK hospitals after Covid-19: A prospective, multicentre cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol.

• The long-term consequences of severe Covid-19 requiring hospital admission are not well characterised.
• The objective of this study was to establish the long-term effects of Covid-19 following hospitalisation and the impact these may have on patient reported outcome measures.
• Survivors of Covid-19 experienced long-term symptoms, new disability, increased breathlessness, and reduced quality of life.
• These findings were present even in young, previously healthy working age adults, and were most common in younger females.

Source: MedRxiv

4- Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

• Assessment of the safety and efficacy of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in different populations is essential, as is investigation of the efficacy of the vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant first identified in South Africa.
• A two-dose regimen of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 due to the B.1.351 variant.

Source: NEJM

5- Spread of a Variant SARS-CoV-2 in Long-Term Care Facilities in England

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and hospital admissions for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) increased rapidly in the South East region of England in November and December 2020, despite lockdown measures.
• This study investigated the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by the variant in staff and residents of long-term care facilities in England.
• The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant is now prevalent in all regions of England,4 and it spread rapidly.
• Emerging data suggest the variant may be associated with an increase in mortality.

Source: NEJM

6- Optimal design for phase 2 studies of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs

• There is no agreed methodology for pharmacometric assessment of candidate SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs.
• The most widely used measure of virological response in clinical trials to date is the time to viral clearance assessed by serial qPCR
• They posited that rate of viral clearance would have better discriminatory value.
• Pharmacometric antiviral assessments should be conducted in early illness with serial qPCR samples taken over one week.
• Response-adaptive trials using rate of clearance can identify promising antiviral interventions rapidly.

Source: MedRxiv

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