3- Wednesday Research News – 21th April

1 – China Approves Third Sinopharm Covid Vaccine for Clinical Trial

• China has approved the third Covid-19 vaccine from Sinopharm Group Co. to start clinical trials, the company said.
• The green light to begin testing comes after two inactivated vaccines from Sinopharm were approved and widely used both at home and in developing countries.
• The latest one is a recombinant vaccine that includes parts of the coronavirus’s spike protein to stimulate immune response.

Source: Bloomberg

2- Insulin resistance in COVID-19 and diabetes

• The epidemiology of COVID-19 and its association with cardiometabolic disorders is poorly understood.
• This is a narrative review that investigates the effects of COVID-19 infection on insulin resistance in patients with diabetes.
• Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than those without diabetes.
• ACE2 expression decreases with infection, exaggerating Ang II activity with subsequent insulin resistance development, an exaggerated immune response and severe SARS-COV-2 infection.

Source: ScienceDirect

3- The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 immunopathology – current perspectives

• SARS-CoV-2 is a new beta coronavirus, similar to SARS-CoV-1
• The rapid clinical course seen in COVID-19 indicates that infection control in asymptomatic patients or patients with mild disease is probably due to the innate immune response.
• In this paper, the authors review the most recent publications on the immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2, virus interactions with target cells, and host immune responses, and highlight possible associations between deficient innate and acquired immune responses and disease progression and mortality.

Source: ScienceDirect

4- mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: structure and stability

• A drawback of the current mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) COVID-19 vaccines is that they have to be stored at (ultra)low temperatures.
• In this review they discuss proposed structures of mRNA-LNPs, factors that impact mRNA-LNP stability and strategies to optimize mRNA-LNP product stability.
• To improve the stability of mRNA-LNP vaccines, optimization of the mRNA nucleotide composition should be prioritized.
• Secondly, a better understanding of the milieu the mRNA is exposed to in the core of LNPs may help to rationalize adjustments to the LNP structure to preserve mRNA integrity.

Source: ScienceDirect

5- Prolonged humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19-recovered patients

• By the beginning of 2021, the battle against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains ongoing.
• Investigating the adaptive immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, in patients who have recovered from this disease could contribute to our understanding of the natural host immune response.
• The lymphocyte levels in recovered patients were associated with the clinical presentation of the disease, and further analysis is required to investigate relationships between different clinical presentations and lymphocyte activation and function

Source: ScienceDirect

6- Can disseminated intravascular coagulation scores predict mortality in COVID-19 patients?

• Complications related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which has been reported to be among the known causes of mortality in such patients.
• This study aims to analyse the incidence of DIC in COVID-19 non-survivors and to assess the association between DIC and its comorbidities.
• This study concludes that the ISTH DIC score cannot predict mortality as the COVID-19 related DIC differs from the sepsis-induced DIC.
• Among the seriously ill, older patients with comorbidities, increased levels of D-dimer and prolonged PT are more reliable parameters among COVID-19 non-survivors

Source: ScienceDirect

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