3- Wednesday Research News – 1st December

 1 – Pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 Patients on CT Pulmonary Angiography – A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Arab Emirates

• This study aims to identify the prevalence and distribution of pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 infected patients in our hospital.
• D-dimer correlates well with the incidence of pulmonary embolism among COVID-19 patients.
• Our data suggest that majority of our patients, developed pulmonary embolisms within 5 days into their hospital stay, accounting to almost two thirds of all positive cases diagnosed by CTPA.
• Those with PE among COVID-19 patients have high chances of ICU admission and mortality. Use of thromboprophylaxis early on might reduce the incidence of PE.

Source: MedRxiv

2- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of booster vaccinations after Ad26.COV2.S priming

• In face of the developing COVID-19 pandemic with a need for rapid and practical vaccination strategies, Ad26.COV2.S was approved as single shot immunization regimen.
• While effective against severe COVID-19, Ad26.COV2.S vaccination induces lower SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels compared to its mRNA-based counterparts.
• To support decision making on the need for booster vaccinations in Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals, they assessed the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of homologous and heterologous booster vaccinations in Ad26.COV2.S-primed health care workers (HCWs).
• Boosting of Ad26.COV2.S-primed HCWs was well-tolerated and immunogenic. Strongest responses were detected after boosting with mRNA-based vaccines.
• Based on the data, efficacy on infection and transmission of boosters is expected.
• In addition to efficacy, decision making on boost vaccinations should include timing, target population, level of SARS CoV-2 circulation, and the global inequity in vaccine access.

Source: MedRxiv

3- PBPK modelling of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and liver disease

• The aim of the study was to apply Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to predict the effect of liver disease (LD) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of dexamethasone (DEX) in the treatment of COVID-19.
• A whole-body PBPK model was created to simulate 100 adult individuals aged 18-60 years.
• Physiological changes (e.g., plasma protein concentration, liver size, CP450 expression, hepatic blood flow) and portal vein shunt were incorporated into the LD model.
• In contrast to healthy adults, the simulated systemic clearance of DEX decreased (35% – 60%) and the plasma concentrations increased (170% – 400%) in patients with LD.

Source: MedRxiv

4- Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review of spontaneously reported data from the UK, Europe, and the US and of the literature

• This study aims to bring together spontaneously reported data from around the world to estimate the reporting rate in different countries and better understand the risk factors for myocarditis and pericarditis following exposure to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
• This study provides evidence that younger vaccinees more frequently report myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines compared with older vaccinees.
• These events had mild clinical course followed by full recovery in most cases.
• Results from published literature supported the results of this analyses.

Source: MedRxiv

5- REGEN-COV® for Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

• Hospitalized patients with Covid-19 experience high mortality rates, ranging from 10-30%.
• Casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV®) is authorized in various jurisdictions for use in outpatients with Covid-19 and in post-exposure prophylaxis.
• The UK-based platform RECOVERY study reported improved survival in hospitalized seronegative patients treated with REGEN-COV, but in most of the world, anti-spike monoclonal antibody therapy is currently not approved for use in hospitalized patients.
• In hospitalized patients with Covid-19 on low-flow or no oxygen, REGEN-COV treatment reduced viral load and the risk of death or mechanical ventilation as well as all-cause mortality in the overall population, with the benefit driven by seronegative patients and no harm observed in seropositive patients.

Source: MedRxiv

6- Low neutralizing antibody titers against the Mu variant of SARS-CoV-2 in BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals

• Global surveillance programs for the virus that causes COVID-19 are showing the emergence of variants with mutations in the Spike protein, including the Mu variant, recently declared a Variant of Interest (VOI) by the World Health Organization.
• Genomic and laboratory surveillance is important in these types of variants because they may be more infectious or less susceptible to antiviral treatments and vaccine-induced antibodies.
• This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of the Mu variant (B.1.621) to neutralizing antibodies induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine.
• This study shows the importance of continuing with surveillance programs of emerging variants as well as the need to evaluate the neutralizing antibody response induced by other vaccines circulating in the country against Mu and other variants with high epidemiological impact.

Source: MedRxiv

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