3- Wednesday Research News – 7th July

1 – Reduced neutralisation of the Delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern following vaccination

• Vaccines are proving to be highly effective in controlling hospitalisation and deaths associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection but the emergence of viral variants with novel antigenic profiles threatens to diminish their efficacy.
•  Here, they examine the sensitivity of variants of concern (VOCs) representative of the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 (first associated with infections in India) and B.1.351 (first associated with infection in South Africa) lineages of SARS-CoV-2 to neutralisation by sera from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccines.

Source: MedRxiv

2- Is Second dose of vaccination useful in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected Health Care Workers?

• Vaccines are the most important public health measure to protect people from COVID‐19 worldwide.
• In addition, healthcare workers account for a large number of infected people.
• Then, protecting this population from COVID-19 seems crucial in the preservation of healthcare systems.
• In a context of few doses available, serological assays could be useful to decide whether one or two doses are needed.
• The results show that a first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine seems to act as a boost after SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and a second dose might not be required.

Source: MedRxiv

3- Models of COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation: a systematic literature search and narrative review

• How best to prioritise COVID-19 vaccination within and between countries has been a public health and an ethical challenge for decision-makers globally.
• They systematically reviewed epidemiological and economic modelling evidence on population priority groups to minimise COVID-19 mortality, transmission and morbidity outcomes.
• The evidence supports WHO SAGE recommendations on COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation.
• There is however an evidence gap on optimal prioritisation for low- and middle- income countries, studies that included an economic evaluation, and studies that explore prioritisation strategies if the aim is to reduce overall health burden including morbidity.

Source: MedRxiv

4- Effectiveness of Face Masks in Blocking the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a Preliminary Evaluation of Masks Used by SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals

• In 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is trans-mitted via airborne route, caused a new pandemic namely, ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19).
• Although it is still debated whether the use of masks can prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, no study has evaluated the virus-blocking efficacy of masks used by patients.
• This study aimed to evaluate this efficacy of masks used by SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.
• The findings suggest the blocking of the transmission of the virus by different types of masks and reinforce the use of masks by both infected and non-infected individuals.

Source: MedRxiv

5- Study Identifies First Structure of C. diff Toxin B, Paving the Way for Next Generation Therapeutics

• New research has revealed the first 3D structure of the Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB) in complex with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a human receptor.
• According to researchers from the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, this could help future efforts to develop new therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of C. difficile.

Source: Pharmacy Times

6- Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Secondary Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Case-Control Study

• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic.
• Clinical characteristics regarding secondary infections in patients with COVID-19 have been reported, but detailed microbiology, risk factors, and outcomes of secondary bloodstream infections (sBSIs) in patients with severe COVID-19 have not been well described.
• They observed that hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19 and sBSI had a more severe initial presentation, prolonged hospital course, and worse clinical outcomes.
• To maintain antimicrobial stewardship principles, further prospective studies are necessary to better characterize risk factors and prediction modeling to better understand when to suspect and empirically treat for sBSIs in severe COVID-19.

Source: Oxford Academic

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