3- Wednesday Research News – 22th December

1 – Efficacy of Treatment With Armodafinil for Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients With High-grade Glioma – A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial

• Nearly 96% of patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) report moderate-to-severe fatigue. Armodafinil is a psychostimulant that might help cancer-related fatigue in patients with HGG.
• This study aims to determine whether armodafinil reduces fatigue in patients with HGG and moderate-to-severe fatigue.
• The primary outcome was efficacy in treating cancer-related fatigue.
• Secondary outcomes included safety, neurocognitive function, and quality of life.
• Patients were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8.
• The results of this randomized clinical trial found no meaningful benefit of using treatment with armodafinil to reduce cancer-related fatigue in patients with HGG.

Source: JAMA Network

2- Inhaled Corticosteroids Alone and in Combination With Long-Acting β2 Receptor Agonists to Treat Reduced Lung Function in Preterm-Born Children – A Randomized Clinical Trial

• Decreases in future lung function are a hallmark of preterm birth, but studies for management of decreased lung function are limited.
• This study aims to determine whether 12 weeks of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or in combination with long-acting β2 agonists (LABA) improves spirometry and exercise capacity in school-aged preterm-born children who had percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) less than or equal to 85% compared with inhaled placebo treatment.
• The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that combined ICS/LABA treatment is beneficial for prematurity-associated lung disease in children.

Source: JAMA

3- Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Receipt by Health Care Personnel at a Major Academic Hospital During the First Months of Vaccine Availability

• Several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized in the US, yet preliminary evidence suggests high levels of vaccine hesitancy and wide racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in uptake.
• This study aims to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care personnel (HCP) during the first 4 months of availability in a large academic hospital, compare acceptance with previously measured vaccine hesitancy, and describe racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in vaccine uptake.
• In this cross-sectional study, more than two-thirds of HCP at a large academic hospital in Philadelphia received a COVID-19 vaccine within 4 months of vaccine availability.
• Although racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities were seen in vaccine uptake, no such disparities were found among physicians.

Source: JAMA Network

4- Association of Fluoroquinolone Prescribing Rates With Black Box Warnings from the US Food and Drug Administration

• In 2013 and 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warnings and recommended limited use of fluoroquinolones for patients with certain acute conditions.
• It is not clear how prescribers have responded to these warnings.
• This study aims to analyze changes in prescribing of fluoroquinolones after the 2013 and 2016 FDA warnings and to examine the physician characteristics associated with these changes.
• This cross-sectional study found an overall decline in prescribing of fluoroquinolones after the release of FDA warnings.
• Understanding the association of physician and organizational characteristics with fluoroquinolone prescribing behavior may ultimately help to identify mechanisms to improve de-adoption.

Source: JAMA Network

5- Association of Maternal Cervical Disease With Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Offspring

• Barriers to childhood vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases, such as those due to human papillomavirus (HPV), are well known.
• However, the role of salience bias—the change in perception of risk due to increased familiarity with the outcome—in decisions to vaccinate children has not been explicitly studied.
• This study aims to assess for salience bias in parental decisions to vaccinate children.
• In this analysis of salience bias in childhood vaccination decisions, mothers’ personal history of cervical cancer or cervical biopsy was not associated with greater vaccination rates among children against HPV.
• These findings suggest that salience of vaccine-preventable outcomes may not have a major impact on childhood vaccine hesitancy in HPV; the role of salience should be investigated for other vaccines.

Source:  JAMA Network

6- In-hospital mortality due to breakthrough COVID-19 among recipients of COVISHIELD (ChAdOx nCoV-19) and COVAXIN (BBV152)

• Multiple vaccines have received emergency-use authorization in different countries in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
• India had started its vaccination campaign using the COVISHIELD (ChAdOx nCoV-19) and the COVAXIN (BBV152) vaccines.
• However, there is a lack of head-to-head comparisons of the different vaccines.
• They performed a retrospective cohort study during the second wave of the pandemic in India with predominant circulation of the delta strain of SARS-CoV-2.
• They enrolled adult patients who were hospitalized with breakthrough COVID-19 infection after vaccination.
• They compared in-hospital outcomes between patients who had received the COVISHIELD (n=181) or COVAXIN vaccines.
• Patients who are hospitalized with breakthrough COVID-19 had similar in-hospital outcome irrespective of whether they received COVISHIELD or COVAXIN.

Source: MedRxiv

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