3- Wednesday Research News – 2nd June

1 – Mix-and-match COVID vaccines trigger potent immune response

• Vaccinating people with both the Oxford–AstraZeneca and Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines produces a potent immune response against the virus SARS-CoV-2, researchers conducting a study in Spain have found.
• Preliminary results from the trial of more than 600 people are the first to show the benefits of combining different coronavirus vaccines.

Source: Nature

2- Face masks effectively limit the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

• Airborne transmission by droplets and aerosols is important for the spread of viruses.
• Face masks are a well-established preventive measure, but their effectiveness for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission is still under debate.
• This study shows that variations in mask efficacy can be explained by different regimes of virus abundance and related to population-average infection probability and reproduction number.

Source: Science Mag

3- Renal safety of a single dose of gentamicin in patients with sepsis in the emergency department

• This study aims to determine the effect of a single dose of gentamicin on the incidence and persistence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis in the emergency department (ED).
• With regard to renal function, a single dose of gentamicin in patients with sepsis in the ED is safe.
• The development of AKI after admission was associated with shock, diabetes mellitus and higher baseline creatinine level.

Source: ScienceDirect

4- Serious bradycardia and remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): a new safety concerns

• In recent clinical trials some cardiac arrhythmias were reported with use of remdesivir for COVID-19.
• To address this safety concern, they investigated whether use of remdesivir for COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of bradycardia.
• This post-marketing study in a real-world setting suggests that the use of remdesivir is significantly associated with an increased risk of reporting bradycardia and serious bradycardia when compared with the use of with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab or glucocorticoids.

Source: ScienceDirect

5- Clinical, virologic and immunologic features of a mild case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection

• This study aims to report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection 6 months after the first infection in a young healthy female physician.
• Both episodes led to mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies may put medical personnel at risk of reinfection, as shown in this case.
• However, reinfection leads to a significant boosting of previous immune responses.
• Larger cohorts of reinfected subjects with detailed descriptions of their immune responses are needed to define correlates of protection and their duration after infection.

Source: ScienceDirect

6- Elevated body mass index is associated with an increased risk of infectious disease admissions and mortality: a mendelian randomization study

• The effect of body mass index (BMI) on the risk of infectious diseases admissions and mortality is unclear and is difficult to study given the risks of confounding variables.
• Increased BMI was associated with increased risk of admission for infectious disease and mortality.
• While the pathophysiology behind this phenomenon remains unknown, increasing BMI may influence immune dysregulation.

Source: ScienceDirect

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