3- Wednesday Research News – 15th December

 1 – REGEN-COV Antibody Combination and Outcomes in Outpatients with Covid-19

• In the phase 1–2 portion of an adaptive trial, REGEN-COV, a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, reduced the viral load and number of medical visits in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
• REGEN-COV has activity in vitro against current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern.
• REGEN-COV reduced the risk of Covid-19–related hospitalization or death from any cause, and it resolved symptoms and reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral load more rapidly than placebo.

Source: NEJM

2- Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization

• Reports have suggested an association between the development of myocarditis and the receipt of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), but the frequency and severity of myocarditis after vaccination have not been extensively explored.
• Among more than 2.5 million vaccinated HCO members who were 16 years of age or older, 54 cases met the criteria for myocarditis.
• The estimated incidence per 100,000 persons who had received at least one dose of vaccine was 2.13 cases.
• Among patients in a large health care system who had received at least one dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the estimated incidence of myocarditis was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons; the highest incidence was among male patients between the ages of 16 and 29 years.
• Most cases of myocarditis were mild or moderate in severity.

Source: NEJM

3- Metagenomic and single-cell RNA-seq survey of the H. pylori-infected stomach in asymptomatic individuals

• Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric niche can persist for years in asymptomatic individuals.
• Although latent H. pylori infection can progress to cancer, a detailed survey of the microbiome and immune composition in the chronically infected stomach is still lacking.
• HPI asymptomatic individuals showed dramatic changes in the composition of gastric microbiome and immune cells compared to non-infected individuals.
• This study provides a comprehensive atlas of the gastric mucosa-associated microbiome and immune cell landscape when comparing asymptomatic HPI and uninfected individuals.

Source: MedRxiv

4- A randomized clinical trial to stimulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in patients with moderate COVID-19-pneumonia using a slow-paced breathing technique

• Vagus nerve stimulation via slow-paced breathing could serve as adjuvant therapeutic approach to reduce excessive inflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
• This study aims to find out whether a slow-paced breathing technique increasing vagal activity reduce Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia compared to standard care.
• Patients practicing slow-paced breathing had significantly lower IL-6 values than controls without relevant side effects.
• Further trials should evaluate clinical outcomes as well as an earlier start of the intervention, i.e., at symptom onset.
• This would offer an access to a therapy option not only for high-income, but also for low- and middle-income countries.

Source: MedRxiv

5- Comparative efficacy of interferential therapy, bronchodilators, and body positioning on asthma control and quality of life of patients with bronchial asthma: Study protocol

• Interferential therapy (IFT) is the application of two medium frequency currents to the skin to stimulate and activate different systems in the body using specific frequencies and frequency ranges.
• IFT aims to reduce myalgia in the chest and upper back, reduce muscular fatigue and induce mucus expectoration.
• This study is designed to compare the efficacy of IFT on asthma control and quality of life of asthma patients pre-and post-administration of bronchodilators and determine the most influential body position in its application.
• The study outcome will compare the efficacy of IFT on Bronchial Asthma, identify its effect in different body positions, and compare the relationship between its application and the bronchodilator medication frequently used by the patients.

Source: MedRxiv

6- Early Convalescent Plasma for High-Risk Outpatients with Covid-19

• Early administration of convalescent plasma obtained from blood donors who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may prevent disease progression in acutely ill, high-risk patients with Covid-19.
• In this randomized, multicenter, single-blind trial, they assigned patients who were being treated in an emergency department for Covid-19 symptoms to receive either one unit of convalescent plasma with a high titer of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or placebo.
• The administration of Covid-19 convalescent plasma to high-risk outpatients within 1 week after the onset of symptoms of Covid-19 did not prevent disease progression.

Source: MedRxiv

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