3- Wednesday Research News – 12th May

1 – Giving 2 Doses of Different COVID-19 Vaccines Could Boost Immune Response

• Typically, if you get a COVID-19 vaccine that requires two doses, you should get two of the same vaccine.
• But in the future, that could change, either by necessity or by design.
• This idea of using two types of vaccines isn’t a new concept.
• It’s known as heterologous vaccination, although there’s a more colloquial term.
• Using two different vaccines is a bit like giving the immune system two pictures of the virus, maybe one face-on and one in profile.
• Health agencies in France and Germany are already encouraging people who’ve gotten the AstraZeneca vaccine to consider getting one of the mRNA vaccines for their second shot.

Source: npr

2- The COVID-19 Vaccine and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

• COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should not be withheld from pregnant individuals who choose to receive the vaccine.
• Symptomatic pregnant individuals who contract COVID-19 are at more risk of severe illness, complications and death than non-pregnant women. Many pregnant women have medical conditions that put them at further increased risk.
• Another factor to consider is the level of activity of the pandemic in your community.
• It is important to know that no study to date has specifically evaluated the coronavirus vaccine in pregnant and lactating women, though there have been a few pregnant women who were inadvertently enrolled in the vaccine trials.

Source: Hopkins Medicine

3- China’s COVID vaccines are going global — but questions remain

• The World Health Organization (WHO) is considering approving two of China’s COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use, potentially opening the door to wide distribution in lower-income nations through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) initiative.
• A successful outcome in the coming weeks might boost global confidence in these vaccines, say scientists. China’s five different vaccines have not been used widely in wealthy nations
• One of the two vaccines under review is made in Beijing by Chinese state-owned firm Sinopharm.
• The other — named CoronaVac — is produced by private company Sinovac, also based in Beijing.

Source: Nature

4- Association between high serum favipiravir concentrations and drug-induced liver injury

• This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and pattern of favipiravir-induced liver injury and the potential association between serum concentrations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
• Higher favipiravir serum concentrations were observed in patients who developed favipiravir-induced liver injury than in those who did not.
• As the variations in favipiravir concentrations between patients were large, personalized optimal dosing strategies may be needed for safe use.

Source: MedRxiv

5- Prevalence use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the general population with COVID-19 and associated COVID-19 risk, hospitalization, severity, death, and safety outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Recent reports of potential harmful effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have provoked great concern.
• Therefore, the safety of NSAIDs is still questioned.
• Based on current evidence, exposure to NSAIDs is not linked to increased odds or exacerbation of COVID-19 in the general COVID-19 population.
• Furthermore, administration of NSAIDs might have better outcomes and survival benefits in the general COVID-19 population, although potentially increasing the risk of stroke.
• Use of NSAIDs might be safe and beneficial in COVID-19.

Source: Medrxiv

6- Lenzilumab efficacy and safety in newly hospitalized COVID-19 subjects: Results from the LIVE-AIR PHASE 3 Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

• Severe COVID19 pneumonia results from a hyperinflammatory immune response (cytokine storm, CS)
• The LIVE AIR Phase 3 randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial investigated the efficacy and safety of lenzilumab to assess the potential for lenzilumab to improve the likelihood of ventilator free survival (referred to herein as survival without ventilation, SWOV), beyond standard supportive care, in hospitalized subjects with severe COVID-19.
• Lenzilumab significantly improved SWOV in hospitalized, hypoxic subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia over and above treatment with remdesivir and/or corticosteroids.

Source: MedRxiv

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