3- Wednesday Research News – 8th September 

 1 – Colchicine in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

• olchicine has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its anti-inflammatory actions.
• Between 27 November 2020 and 4 March 2021, 5610 patients were randomly allocated to receive colchicine and 5730 patients to receive usual care alone.
• Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no significant difference in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death.
• In adults hospitalised with COVID-19, colchicine was not associated with reductions in 28-day mortality, duration of hospital stay, or risk of progressing to invasive mechanical ventilation or death.

Source: MedRxiv

2- Relationship between COVID-19 infection and neurodegeneration: Computational insight into interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the monoamine oxidase enzymes

• Although COVID-19 has been primarily associated with pneumonia, recent data show that its causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, can infect many vital organs beyond the lungs, including the heart, kidneys and the brain.
• The literature agrees that COVID-19 is likely to have long-term mental health effects on infected individuals, which signifies a need to understand the role of the virus in the pathophysiology of brain disorders that is currently unknown and widely debated.
• This study firmly advise that the presented prospect of the SARS-CoV-2 induced neurological complications should not be ignored, but rather requires further clinical investigations to achieve an early diagnosis and timely therapeutic interventions.

Source: MedRxiv

3- Determining the Incidence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 among Early Recipients of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Prospective Cohort Study of Healthcare Workers before, during and after Vaccination [DISCOVER-COVID-19]

• The impact of COVID19 vaccination on viral characteristics of breakthrough infections is unknown.
• In this prospective cohort study, incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased following vaccination.
• Although asymptomatic positive tests were observed following vaccination, higher cycle thresholds, repeat negative tests and inability to culture virus raises questions about their clinical significance.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- Vaccines alone are no silver bullets: a modeling study on the impact of efficient contact tracing on COVID-19 infection and transmission

• The computer simulation presented in this study aimed to investigate the effect of contact tracing on COVID-19 transmission and infection in the context of rising vaccination rates.
• This study proposed a deterministic SEIRV model with contact tracing and vaccination components.
• At a vaccination rate of 1.4%, a contact tracing with the effectiveness of 70% could delay the peak of untraced asymptomatic cases by 17 days and reduce the highest number of daily cases by 70% compared with a 30% contact tracing effectiveness.
• Despite testing only on two public health and social measures (PHSMs), they observed the scenario with low contact tracing and increasing vaccination rates successfully mimicked the current transmission trend in Malaysia.
• Hence, while vaccines are progressively rolled out, efficient contact tracing must be rapidly implemented concurrently to reach, find, test, isolate, and support the affected populations to bring the pandemic under control.

Source: MedRxiv

5- Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

• Preapproval trials showed that messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had a good safety profile, yet these trials were subject to size and patient-mix limitations.
• An evaluation of the safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with respect to a broad range of potential adverse events is needed.
• In this study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting, the BNT162b2 vaccine was not associated with an elevated risk of most of the adverse events examined.
• The vaccine was associated with an excess risk of myocarditis (1 to 5 events per 100,000 persons).
• The risk of this potentially serious adverse event and of many other serious adverse events was substantially increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Source: NEJM

6- Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines for Preventing Covid-19 Hospitalizations in the United States

• As SARS-CoV-2 vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe Covid-19 and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes.
• During March–May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing Covid-19 hospitalizations among US adults.
• SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.

Source: Oxford Academic

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