3- Wednesday Research News – 3rd November

 1 – Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of a COVID-19 Vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) Co-administered With Seasonal Influenza Vaccines

• The safety and immunogenicity profile of COVID-19 vaccines when administered concomitantly with seasonal influenza vaccines has not yet been reported.
• Immune interference and safety are always a concern when two vaccines are administered at the same time. This is the first study to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity profile and clinical vaccine efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine when co-administered with a seasonal influenza vaccine.
• This study provides much needed information to help guide national immunisation policy decision making on the critical issue of concomitant use of COVID-19 vaccines with influenza vaccines.

Source: MedRxiv

2- SARS-CoV2 mutant-specific T cells and neutralizing antibodies after vaccination and up to 1 year after infection

• In this study they investigated blood samples from fully SARS-CoV2-vaccinated subjects and from patients up to one year after infection with SARS-CoV2, and compared short and long term T cell and antibody responses, with a special focus on the recently emerged delta variant (B.1.617.2).
• Strong T cell responses occurred for wildtype and mutant SARS-CoV2 variants, including delta (B.1.617.2), in fully vaccinated individuals, whereas they were partly reduced 1 year after natural infection.
• Antibody neutralisation of delta mutant was reduced compared to wt, as assessed in a novel inhibition assay with a finger stick drop of blood.
• Hence, immune responses after vaccination are stronger compared to those after naturally occurring infection, pointing out the need of the vaccine to overcome the pandemic.

Source: MedRxiv

3- Antibodies against type-I Interferon: detection and association with severe clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients

• Impairment of type I interferon (IFN-I) immunity has been reported in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.
• This defect can be explained in a subset of patients by the presence of circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against IFN-I.
• In this study, they set out to improve the detection and the quantification of IFN-I auto-Abs in a cohort of critically-ill COVID-19 patients, in order to better evaluate the prevalence of these Abs as the pandemic progresses, and how they correlate with the clinical course of the disease.
• This study reported that 18% of critically-ill COVID-19 patients were positive for IFN-I auto-Abs, confirming that the presence of these antibodies is associated with higher risk of developing a criticall COVID-19 form.

Source: MedRxiv

4- Professional practice for COVID-19 risk reduction among health care workers: a Cross-Sectional Study with Matched Case-Control Comparison

• Health care workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to COVID-19 and therefore it is paramount to study preventive measures in this population.
• This study aims to investigate socio-demographic factors and professional practice associated with the risk of COVID-19 among HCWs in health establishments in Normandy, France.
• A cross-sectional and 3 case-control studies were conducted in order to explore the possible risk factors that lead to SARS-CoV2 transmission within HCWs, based on an online questionnaire.
• Among 2,058 respondents, respectively 1,363 (66.2%) and 695 (33.8%) in medical and medico-social establishments, 301 (14.6%) reported having been infected by SARS-CoV2.
• Correct use of PPE adapted to the situation and risk level is essential in protecting HCWs against infection.

Source: MedRxiv

5- Who has long-COVID? A big data approach

• Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), otherwise known as long-COVID, have severely impacted recovery from the pandemic for patients and society alike.
• This new disease is characterized by evolving, heterogeneous symptoms, making it challenging to derive an unambiguous long-COVID definition.
• Electronic health record (EHR) studies are a critical element of the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative, which is addressing the urgent need to understand PASC, accurately identify who has PASC, and identify treatments.
• The models suggested in this study identified potential long-COVID patients with high accuracy, achieving areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.91 (all patients), 0.90 (hospitalized); and 0.85 (non-hospitalized).

Source: MedRxiv

6- Can the Rapid Antigen Test for COVID-19 Replace RT-PCR: A Meta-analysis of Test Agreement

• Several studies have compared the performance of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) as tools to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19).
• As the performance of Ag-RDT may vary among different products and viral load scenarios, the clinical utility of the Ag-RDT remains unclear.
• The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic agreement between Ag-RDTs and RT-PCR in testing for COVID-19 across different products and cycle threshold (Ct) values.

Source: MedRxiv

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