3- Wednesday Research News – 7th April

1 – Association of Age With SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response

• Accumulating evidence suggests that children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more likely to manifest mild symptoms and are at a lower risk of developing severe respiratory disease compared with adults. It remains unknown how the immune response in children differs from that of adolescents and adults.
• This study aims to investigate the association of age with the quantity and quality of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses.
• The results of this study suggest that SARS-CoV-2 viral specific antibody response profiles are distinct in different age groups.

Source: JAMA Network

2- Assessment of Simulated SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Mortality Risk Associated With Radiation Therapy Among Patients in 8 Randomized Clinical Trials

• During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer therapy may put patients at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality.
• The impacts of proposed alternatives on reducing infection risk are unknown.
• This study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the risks and benefits of standard radiation therapy (RT).
• In this comparative effectiveness study, treatment modification was not associated with altered risk from COVID-19 in lower-risk scenarios and was only associated with decreased mortality in very high COVID-19–risk scenarios.

Source: JAMA Network

3- Development of a Machine Learning Model Using Electronic Health Record Data to Identify Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients

• Comparisons of antimicrobial use among hospitals are difficult to interpret owing to variations in patient case mix. Risk-adjustment strategies incorporating larger numbers of variables haves been proposed as a method to improve comparisons for antimicrobial stewardship assessments.
• This study aims to Comparisons of antimicrobial use among hospitals are difficult to interpret owing to variations in patient case mix.
• Risk-adjustment strategies incorporating larger numbers of variables haves been proposed as a method to improve comparisons for antimicrobial stewardship assessments.
• Models using variables derived from electronic health records identified antimicrobial exposure accurately.

Source: JAMA Network

4- Association of Obesity With Survival Outcomes in Patients With Cancer – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

• Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30, is associated with a significant increase in the risk of many cancers and in overall mortality.
• However, various studies have suggested that patients with cancer and no obesity (ie, BMI 20-25) have worse outcomes than patients with obesity.
• In this study, obesity was associated with greater mortality overall in patients with cancer.
• However, patients with obesity and lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma had a lower risk of death than patients with the same cancers without obesity.

Source: JAMA Network

5- Comparison of Time to Clinical Improvement With vs Without Remdesivir Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

• Clinical effectiveness data on remdesivir are urgently needed, especially among diverse populations and in combination with other therapies.
• This study aims to examine whether remdesivir administered with or without corticosteroids for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with more rapid clinical improvement in a racially/ethnically diverse population.
• In this comparative effectiveness research study of adults hospitalized with COVID-19, receipt of remdesivir was associated with faster clinical improvement.
• Remdesivir plus corticosteroid administration did not reduce the time to death compared with remdesivir administered alone.

Source: JAMA Network

6- High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Amoxicillin Plus Clavulanate for Adults With Acute Sinusitis – A Randomized Clinical Trial

• Acute bacterial sinusitis is common, but currently recommended antibiotic treatment provides minimal benefit.
• This study aims to confirm the previous finding that high-dose amoxicillin plus clavulanate (with double the amount of amoxicillin) may be superior to standard-dose amoxicillin plus clavulanate in adults.
• The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that adults treated for clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis did not appear to benefit from taking high-dose compared with standard-dose amoxicillin plus clavulanate.

Source: JAMA Network

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