3- Wednesday Research News – 14th April

1 – Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their Impact

• This study aims to characterize the symptom profile and time course in patients with Long COVID, along with the impact on daily life, work, and return to baseline health.
• This study represents the largest collection of symptoms identified in the Long COVID population to date, and is the first to quantify individual symptom trajectory over time, for 7 months.
• Three clusters of symptoms were quantified.
• The clusters of symptoms that persist longest include a combination of the neurological/cognitive and systemic symptoms.

Source: MedRxiv

2- Signatures of COVID-19 severity and immune response in the respiratory tract microbiome

• Viral infection of the respiratory tract can be associated with propagating effects on the airway microbiome, and microbiome dysbiosis may influence viral disease.
• This study aims to define the respiratory tract microbiome in COVID-19 and relationship disease severity, systemic immunologic features, and outcomes.
• The respiratory tract microbiome and commensal virome are disturbed in COVID-19, correlate with systemic immune parameters, and early microbiome features discriminate disease severity.
• Future studies should address clinical consequences of airway dysbiosis in COVID-19, possible use as biomarkers, and role of bacterial and viral taxa identified here in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Source: MedRxiv

3- Sinopharm, Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine data show efficacy: WHO

• Chinese vaccine makers Sinopharm and Sinovac have presented data on their COVID-19 vaccines indicating levels of efficacy that would be compatible with those required by the World Health Organization
• The WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) hopes to issue recommendations on those vaccines by the end of April.
• No detailed efficacy data of Sinopharm’s COVID-19 vaccine has been publicly released but its developer, Beijing Biological Products Institute, a unit of Sinopharm subsidiary China National Biotec Group (CNBG), said the vaccine was 79.34% effective in preventing people from developing the disease based on interim data.

Source: Reuters

4- Mortality and Readmission Rates Among Patients With COVID-19 After Discharge From Acute Care Setting With Supplemental Oxygen

• To optimize patient outcomes and preserve critical acute care access during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services developed the SAFE @ HOME O2 Expected Practice (expected practice), enabling ambulatory oxygen management for COVID-19.
• This study aims to assess outcomes of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia discharged via the expected practice approach to home or quarantine housing with supplemental home oxygen.
• In this cohort study, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia discharged on home oxygen had low rates of mortality and return admission within 30 days of discharge.

Source: JAMA Network

5- Rapid, Affordable and Scalable SARS-CoV-2 Detection from Saliva

• Here they present an inexpensive, rapid, and robust RT-LAMP based SARS-CoV-2 detection method that is easily scalable, enabling point of care facilities and clinical labs to determine results from patients’ saliva directly in 30 minutes for less than $2 a sample.
• The method utilizes a novel combination of widely available reagents that can be prepared in bulk, plated and frozen and remain stable until samples are received.
• This innovation dramatically reduces preparation time, enabling high-throughput automation and testing with time to results (including setup) in less than one hour for 96 patient samples simultaneously when using a 384 well format.

Source: MedRxiv

6- Clinical Evidence for Improved Outcomes with Histamine Antagonists and Aspirin in 22,560 COVID-19 Patients

• COVID-19 has spurred much interest in the therapeutic potential of repurposed drugs.
• A family of acid-reducing drugs, known as histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA), competitively bind the H2R and block its stimulation by histamine; examples of such drugs are famotidine (e.g., Pepcid) and ranitidine (e.g., Zantac).
• They analyzed outcomes for treatment with the H1RAs loratadine (e.g., Claritin) and cetirizine (e.g., Zyrtec), the H2RA famotidine, aspirin, and a famotidine & aspirin combination.
• For cases that reached the point of respiratory support, they found a significantly reduced fatality risk for famotidine treatment.
• They did not detect a benefit from dual-histamine receptor blockade (concurrently targeting H1 and H2 receptors).
• Notably, famotidine combined with aspirin did exhibit a significant synergistic survival benefit

Source: MedRxiv

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