3- Wednesday Research News – 16th June

 1 – Immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the BBV152 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

• There is limited information on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD).
• 136 consecutive patients with rheumatic diseases who never had a diagnosis of COVID-19 previously, and had completed vaccination with either the ChAdOx1 or BBV152 vaccines were recruited.
• In this preliminary analysis, patients with AIRD had lower seroconversion rates as well as lower antibody titres as compared to patients with non-AIRD.
• Also,the humoral immunogenicity of the BBV152 vaccine appears to be less than that of the ChAdOX1 vaccine.

Source: MedRxiv

2- Decreased Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Treated With Tocilizumab: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

• In this study, they systematically reviewed the literature to answer the following research questions:
• (1) Does interleukin 6 (IL-6) (receptor) antagonist therapy reduce mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compared to patients not treated with IL-6 (receptor) antagonists; and
• (2) is there an increased risk of side effects in COVID-19 patients treated with IL-6 (receptor) antagonists compared to patients not treated with IL-6 (receptor) antagonists?
• The results showed that mortality was 12% lower for COVID-19 patients treated with TCZ compared with those not treated with TCZ.

Source: Oxford Academic

3- Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Challenges to Trial Conduct During the Global Pandemic

• Since the first days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare workers were at high risk for acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
• a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was rapidly designed and implemented to evaluate the use of HCQ to prevent COVID-19, as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), that is, the COVID PrEP trial
• The HCQ COVID PrEP trial documented fewer primary outcome events in the HCQ arms than the placebo arm.

Source: Oxford Academic

4- The efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody treatments against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

• The use of monoclonal antibody for COVID-19 showed conflicting results in prior studies and its efficacy remains unclear.
• This study aimed to comprehensively determine the efficacy and safety profile of monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 patients.
• Tocilizumab improved hospital discharge and reduced mortality as well as the need for mechanical ventilation, while bamlanivimab-etesevimab and REGN-COV2 reduced viral load in mild to moderate outpatients.
• In general, monoclonal antibodies are safe and should be considered in severe to critical COVID-19 patients.

Source: MedRxiv

5- RECOVERY trial finds aspirin does not improve survival for patients hospitalised with COVID-19

• The RECOVERY trial was established as a randomised clinical trial to test a range of potential treatments for patients hospitalised with COVID-19.
• Patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of blood clots forming in their blood vessels, particularly in the lungs.
• Between November 2020 and March 2021, the RECOVERY trial included nearly 15,000 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in an assessment of the effects of aspirin, which is widely used to reduce blood clotting in other diseases.
• A total of 7351 patients were randomised to aspirin 150 mg once daily and compared with 7541 patients randomised to usual care alone.
• There was no evidence that aspirin treatment reduced mortality.

Source: Recovery

6- When to be vaccinated? What to consider? Modelling decision-making and time preference for COVID-19 vaccine through a conjoint experiment approach

• How do citizens choose COVID-19 vaccines, and when do they wish to be vaccinated?
• A choice-based conjoint experiment was fielded in Hong Kong to examine factors that shape citizens preference toward COVID-19 vaccines and their time preference to be vaccinated, which is overlooked in extant literature.
• Results suggest people are most concerned about vaccines efficacy and severe side-effects, and that cash incentives are not useful in enhancing vaccine appeal.

Source: MedRxiv

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