3- Wednesday Research News – 6th October

1 – Safety and Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine

• Early clinical data from studies of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine (Novavax), a recombinant nanoparticle vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that contains the full-length spike glycoprotein of the prototype strain plus Matrix-M adjuvant, showed that the vaccine was safe and associated with a robust immune response in healthy adult participants.
• Additional data were needed regarding the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of this vaccine in a larger population.
• A two-dose regimen of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine administered to adult participants conferred 89.7% protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and showed high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant.

Source: NEJM

2- Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19

• REGEN-COV (previously known as REGN-COV2), a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been shown to markedly reduce the risk of hospitalization or death among high-risk persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
• Whether subcutaneous REGEN-COV prevents severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent Covid-19 in persons at high risk for infection because of household exposure to a person with SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown.
• Subcutaneous REGEN-COV prevented symptomatic Covid-19 and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously uninfected household contacts of infected persons. Among the participants who became infected, REGEN-COV reduced the duration of symptomatic disease and the duration of a high viral load.

Source: NEJM

3- Overall Survival Benefit with Tebentafusp in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

• Uveal melanoma is a disease that is distinct from cutaneous melanoma, with a low tumor mutational burden and a 1-year overall survival of approximately 50% in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.
• Data showing a proven overall survival benefit with a systemic treatment are lacking.
• Tebentafusp is a bispecific protein consisting of an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor fused to an anti-CD3 effector that can redirect T cells to target glycoprotein 100–positive cells.
• Treatment with tebentafusp resulted in longer overall survival than the control therapy among previously untreated patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.

Source: NEJM

4- Trajectory of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Over Time and Association of Initial Vaccine Hesitancy With Subsequent Vaccination

• Vaccine hesitancy is a critical barrier to achieving high COVID-19 vaccine coverage.
• The stability of hesitancy over time is unclear, as is the association between hesitancy and eventual vaccine receipt.
• Moreover, despite widespread use, the validity of self-reported COVID-19 vaccine receipt has not been established.
• Using a population-based, serosurvey cohort in the US, they assessed the association between baseline vaccine hesitancy and vaccine receipt at study follow-up and explored the validity of vaccine self-report.
• Vaccine hesitancy is waning, yet inequities in receipt remain.
• There is a clear public health opportunity to convert higher vaccine willingness into successfully delivered vaccinations.

Source: JAMA Network

5- Antibody titers against the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 induced by BNT162b2 vaccination measured using automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay

• Levels of 50% neutralizing titer (NT50) reflect the vaccine-induced humoral immunity after the vaccination against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
• Measurements of NT50 are difficult to implement in large quantities.
• A high-throughput laboratory test is expected for determining the level of herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
• They analyzed samples from 168 Japanese healthcare workers who had completed two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
• SP IgG index values were raised at 3 weeks after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination and have positive correlation with NT50.
• SP IgG index values were lower in the older individuals and against Beta and Delta strain.

Source: MedRxiv

6- Quantification and prognostic significance of interferon-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells in hospitalised patients with acute COVID-19

• Little is known about T-cell responses during acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
• They measured T-cell interferon gamma responses to spike 1 (S1), spike 2 (S2), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) SARS-CoV-2 antigens using the T-SPOT Discovery SARS-CoV-2 assay, a proven EliSPOT technology, in 114 hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients and assessed their association with clinical disease phenotype.
• Higher responses to S1 protein associated with a higher symptom burden, and serum IL-6 levels.
• Despite treatment with dexamethasone this subgroup was also at greater risk of requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the days following sampling.
• Higher T-cell responses measured using T-SPOT Discovery SARS-CoV-2 associate with progressive disease in acute COVID-19 disease and may have utility as a prognostic biomarker that should be evaluated in larger cohorts.

Source: MedRxiv

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